Score of Adherence to 2016 European Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines Predicts Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality in the General Population.

Background: Guidelines on cardiovascular (CV) disease prevention promote healthy lifestyle behaviours and CV risk factor control to reduce CV risk. The effect of adherence to these guidelines on CV and all-cause mortality is not well known.

Methods: We assessed the effect of baseline adherence to "2016 European Guidelines on CV Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice" on long-term CV and all-cause mortality in a sample recruited from the French general population.

Impact of cardiovascular risk factor control on long-term cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population.

Purpose: In clinical trials, lowering cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) reduces cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. We assessed the impact of controlling CVRFs at baseline on long-term all-cause and CV mortality in the general population.

Methods: Analysis was based on the Third French MONICA population-based survey (1994-1997).

Isolated negative T waves in the general population is a powerful predicting factor of cardiac mortality and coronary heart disease.

Background: Isolated negative T waves (INTW) are considered a common and minor electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormality. However, few recent studies have associated the presence of INTW with an increased risk of all-causes and cardiovascular mortalities. The aim was to evaluate the predictive value of INTW for coronary heart disease (CHD) and all-cause mortality.

Expired-air carbon monoxide as a predictor of 16-year risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality.

Background: Measurement of expired-air carbon monoxide (EACO) is commonly used to ascertain non-smoking status, although it can also reflect exposures not related to smoking. Our aim was to assess 16-year mortality according to EACO measured at baseline, in a general population.

Methods: Our analysis was based on the Third French MONICA population survey (1994-1997).

Validation of a short, qualitative food frequency questionnaire in French adults participating in the MONA LISA-NUT study 2005-2007.

Background: Food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are often used to evaluate individuals' food intakes in epidemiologic studies because of their simplicity and low cost.

Objective: To assess the validity of a short (24 items), qualitative FFQ used in the MONA LISA-NUT study.

Design: Cross-sectional study of a representative sample in three French counties.

External validation of the 2008 Framingham cardiovascular risk equation for CHD and stroke events in a European population of middle-aged men. The PRIME study.

Objective: To test the applicability of the sex-specific 2008 Framingham general cardiovascular risk equation for coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke in European middle-aged men from Ireland and France.

Methods: In the PRIME study, 9638 healthy middle-aged men recruited in France and Ireland were surveyed for 10 years for the occurrence of first CHD and stroke events. The original Framingham equation, the partially calibrated Framingham equation (using the PRIME baseline survival at 10 years), and the completely calibrated Framingham equation (additionally using risk factor means calculated in PRIME) were assessed.

Multiple biomarkers for the prediction of ischemic stroke: the PRIME study.

Objective: To simultaneously evaluate 14 biomarkers from distinct biological pathways for risk prediction of ischemic stroke, including biomarkers of hemostasis, inflammation, and endothelial activation as well as chemokines and adipocytokines.

Methods And Results: The Prospective Epidemiological Study on Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) is a cohort of 9771 healthy men 50 to 59 years of age who were followed up over 10 years. In a nested case-control study, 95 ischemic stroke cases were matched with 190 controls.

The major element of 1-year prognosis in acute coronary syndromes is severity of initial clinical presentation: Results from the French MONICA registries.

Background: While the death rate from acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has been in decline for more than 50 years, out-of-hospital mortality remains high despite improvements in care.

Aim: To evaluate the importance of out-of-hospital mortality and identify the main predictors of in-hospital and 1-year mortality in France.

Methods: Analyses were based on data from the French MONICA population-based registry, which included all cases of ACS occurring in people aged 35-74 years during 2006 in three geographic areas in France.

Gender- and age-specific trends in coronary heart disease mortality in France from 2000 to 2007: results from the MONICA registers.

Background: Several recent studies in the USA, the UK and Australia have raised concern about a possible plateau or even reverse trend in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in younger populations. We aimed to assess the recent gender- and age-specific trends in CHD mortality among inhabitants aged 35-74 years from the three geographical areas covered by the French MONICA population registers.

Methods: Registered events were fatal myocardial infarctions and coronary deaths selected after a thorough investigation by the physician who signed the death certificate, general practitioners and cardiologists, and by public and private hospitals for in-hospital deaths.

Adipocytokines and the risk of ischemic stroke: the PRIME Study.

Objective: Adipocytokines are hormones secreted from adipose tissue that possibly link adiposity and the risk of cardiovascular disease, but limited prospective data exist on plasma adipocytokines and ischemic stroke risk. We investigated associations and predictive properties of 4 plasma adipocytokines, namely resistin, adipsin, leptin, and total adiponectin, with regard to incident ischemic stroke in the PRIME Study.

Methods: A cohort of 9,771 healthy men 50 to 59 years of age at baseline was followed up over a period of 10 years.

Depressive symptoms, a time-dependent risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke in middle-aged men: the PRIME Study.

Background And Purpose: To date, the association between depressive symptoms and the risk of cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. We investigated prospectively, within the same population, the time course of the association between baseline depressive symptoms and first stroke or coronary heart disease event.

Methods: In the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) Study, a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort, 9601 men from France and Northern Ireland were surveyed for the occurrence of first coronary heart disease (n=647) and stroke events (n=136) over 10 years.

Interregional differences in the clinical, biological and electrical characteristics of first acute coronary events in France: results from the MONICA registries.

Background: In France, there is a large north-to-south, decreasing gradient in case fatality rates of hospitalized patients for an acute coronary event. This gradient may be explained by differences in the presenting patients' clinical, biological and electrocardiographic characteristics.

Goal: To compare the characteristics of patients hospitalized for an acute episode of coronary insufficiency in three regions of France with contrasting fatality rates.

Ten-year risk of all-cause mortality: assessment of a risk prediction algorithm in a French general population.

While assessment of global cardiovascular risk is uniformly recommended for risk factor management, prediction of all-cause death has seldom been considered in available charts. We established an updated algorithm to predict absolute 10-year risk of all-cause mortality in apparently healthy subjects living in France, a country with high life expectancy. Analyses were based on the Third French MONICA Survey on cardiovascular risk factors (1995-1996) carried out in 3,208 participants from the general population aged 35-64.

Patterns of alcohol consumption and ischaemic heart disease in culturally divergent countries: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME).

Objective: To investigate the effect of alcohol intake patterns on ischaemic heart disease in two countries with contrasting lifestyles, Northern Ireland and France.

Design: Cohort data from the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) were analysed. Weekly alcohol consumption, incidence of binge drinking (alcohol >50 g on at least one day a week), incidence of regular drinking (at least one day a week, and alcohol <50 g if on only one occasion), volume of alcohol intake, frequency of consumption, and types of beverage consumed were assessed once at inclusion.

C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, fibrinogen and risk of sudden death in European middle-aged men: the PRIME study.

Objective: To examine prospectively the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and fibrinogen with sudden death in asymptomatic European men.

Methods And Results: Among the 9771 men from the Etude PRospective de l'Infarctus du Myocarde (PRIME) Study, 664 had a first coronary heart disease over 10 years, including 50 sudden deaths, 34 nonsudden coronary deaths, and 580 nonfatal coronary heart disease events. For each outcome, 2 matched controls, who were free of coronary heart disease at the index date, were randomly selected from the initial cohort (nested case control study design).

Characteristics of current smokers, former smokers, and second-hand exposure and evolution between 1985 and 2007.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess trends in the prevalence of adult smoking habits between 1985-1987 and 2005-2007 in three distinct areas of France and their contribution to coronary heart disease (CHD) death rates.

Methods: Participants were recruited as part of the French Monitoring trends and determinants in Cardiovascular disease survey in 1985-1987 (n=3760), 1995-1997 (n=3347), and 2005-2007 (n=3573). They were randomly selected from electoral rolls after stratification for sex, 10-year age group (35-64 years), and town size.

Respective contribution of conventional risk factors and antihypertensive treatment to stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome as the first presentation of coronary heart disease: the PRIME Study.

Objective: To test whether conventional risk factors and antihypertensive treatment were more predictive of stable angina (SA) than acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as the first presentation of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Design: We used data from the PRIME Study (Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction), a prospective cohort of 9758 asymptomatic middle-aged men recruited from WHO MONICA centers in Northern Ireland and France between 1991 and 1993. SA and ACS events were registered during 5 years of follow-up.

Relative risks for stroke by age, sex, and population based on follow-up of 18 European populations in the MORGAM Project.

Background And Purpose: Within the framework of the MOnica Risk, Genetics, Archiving and Monograph (MORGAM) Project, the variations in impact of classical risk factors of stroke by population, sex, and age were analyzed.

Methods: Follow-up data were collected in 43 cohorts in 18 populations in 8 European countries surveyed for cardiovascular risk factors. In 93 695 persons aged 19 to 77 years and free of major cardiovascular disease at baseline, total observation years were 1 234 252 and the number of stroke events analyzed was 3142.

Trends in plasma lipids, lipoproteins and dyslipidaemias in French adults, 1996-2007.

Background: In France, the reported decrease in cardiovascular death is due partly to improved cardiovascular prevention. The management of dyslipidaemias remains a priority of preventive cardiology.

Aim: To assess trends in lipids, lipoproteins and dyslipidaemias between 1996 and 2007 in France.

Contribution of cardiovascular risk factors to coronary risk in patients with intermittent claudication in the PRIME Cohort Study of European men.

Background: Intermittent claudication (IC) is associated with an increased cardiovascular morbidity. The goal of the present study was to assess the contribution of conventional cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) to this increased risk.

Method: The PRIME Study is a multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of 10 602 men recruited in 1991-1993, aged 50-59 at baseline and followed over 10 years.

Ten-year all-cause mortality in presumably healthy subjects on lipid-lowering drugs (from the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction [PRIME] prospective cohort).

Lipid-lowering drugs are one of the most prescribed drugs worldwide. The aim was to compare 10-year all-cause mortality according to initial dyslipidemia status and lipid-lowering drug exposure. The PRIME study was a multicenter population-based prospective cohort study of men recruited in 1991 to 1993, aged 50 to 59 years at baseline, and followed up for 10 years.

Smoking habits, waist circumference and coronary artery disease risk relationship: the PRIME study.

Introduction: Abdominal obesity is an important risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The extent to which tobacco exposure influences the effect of abdominal adiposity on CAD incidence remains uncertain. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the effects of tobacco exposure on CAD risk associated with abdominal obesity.

Contribution of novel biomarkers to incident stable angina and acute coronary syndrome: the PRIME Study.

Aims: To compare whether novel inflammatory and haemostatic biomarkers are more predictive of well-characterized incident acute coronary syndrome (ACS) than stable angina (SA).

Methods And Results: We used data from the PRIME Study, a prospective cohort of 9758 asymptomatic middle-aged men recruited in Northern Ireland and France between 1991 and 1993. A nested case-control study was established with the baseline plasma sample of 269 incident cases and 538 matched controls.