Efficacy of first-line treatment options in transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma: A network meta-analysis.

Background: Despite major therapeutic advances, the rational choice of the most appropriate first-line regimen in newly diagnosed transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma (TIE-MM) is currently undefined.

Aim: We aimed to identify the most effective first-line treatment for TIE-MM patients.

Methods: A total of 37 articles, including 34 treatments and 16,681 patients, were included in this Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Lack of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Disturbs Callus Formation.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a naturally secreted signaling peptide and has important regulatory roles in the differentiation of the central nervous system and its absence results in disorders in femur development. PACAP has an important function in prevention of oxidative stress or mechanical stress in chondrogenesis but little is known about its function in bone regeneration. A new callus formation model was set to investigate its role in bone remodeling.

Protective Effect of PACAP on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Kidney Injury of Male and Female Rats: Gender Differences.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that exerts general cytoprotective effects, including protection in different kidney disorders. The aim of our study was to investigate the ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury of male and female rats to confirm the protective effects of PACAP in the kidney and to reveal possible gender differences.Male and female Wistar rats underwent unilateral renal artery clamping followed by 24-h, 48-h, or 14-day reperfusion.