Unusual Breast Metastasis from Atypical Lung Carcinoid on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT.

Background: Atypical carcinoid (AC) is one of the rarest lung neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) that rarely metastasize to the breast, and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with somatostatin analogs (SSAs) labeled with Gallium-68 (68Ga) now represents the gold standard for diagnosis and management of NETs. A case of an unusual metastasis to the breast from an AC detected by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was reported.

The Sentinel Node and Occult Lesion Localization (SNOLL) Technique Using a Single Radiopharmaceutical in Non-palpable Breast Lesions.

Background: In order to perform a full surgical resection on non-palpable breast lesions, a current method necessitates correct intraoperative localization. Additionally, because it is an important prognostic factor for these patients, the examination of the lymph node status is crucial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the sentinel node and occult lesion localization (SNOLL) technique in localizing nonpalpable breast lesions together with sentinel lymph node (SLN) using a single radiotracer, that is, nanocolloid particles of human serum albumin (NC) labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc).

Impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on Survival and Management in Prostate Cancer.

Background: 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) has led to altered treatment plans for prostate cancer (PCa) patients.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT on overall survival (OS) and management in PCa.

Methods: Consecutive 100 patients who had 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and conventional imaging (CI) were included in this retrospective study.

Uptake of 68 Ga-PSMA in Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head in a Patient With Prostate Cancer.

A 69-year-old man with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy underwent 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT due to biochemical recurrence. Increased radiotracer uptake in the prostate bed suggestive of local recurrence was detected. The right hip also displayed increased 68 Ga-PSMA activity, which was consistent with the avascular necrosis findings on MRI.

Parathyroid Hormone on Osteoprotegerin Levels in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Objective: Osteoprotegerin is a glycoprotein that plays a major role in the regulation of bone turnover. The influence of parathyroid hormone, an important regulator of bone remodeling, on osteoprotegerin production is controversial. The purpose of the study was to assess the influence of parathyroid hormone on the circulating level of osteoprotegerin in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism by comparing it with healthy controls.

Detection of COVID-19 Incidentally in Ga-PSMA PET/CT for Restaging of Prostate Cancer.

Background: A series of pneumonia cases with clinical presentations of viral pneumonia secondary to new coronavirus and subsequent global transmission arose in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. Several cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been described incidentally in positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) as a result of the pandemic. Herein, we describe the findings of a patient with unknown COVID-19 in PET/CT with the other radiopharmaceutical, Ga-labeled prostatespecific membrane antigen (Ga-PSMA).

The Value of Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT in the Postoperative Assessment of Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: The therapeutic approaches of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) are surgery, ablation therapy with the postoperative use of radioiodine-131 (I), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression therapy. After the surgical therapy, the patient should be assessed for remnants/metastases.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of technetium--methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in the postoperative management of patients with DTC.

Assessment of volumetric parameters derived from 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence: an institutional experience.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between volumetric parameters calculated using semiautomatic quantification of lesions detected in 68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-computed tomography (68Ga-PSMA PET/CT) and clinical characteristics in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical recurrence.

Methods: A total of 85 consecutive PCa patients with biochemical recurrence who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT at our institution from January 2019 to March 2020 were retrospectively assessed. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT-derived volumetric parameters, including whole-body PSMA tumor volume (wbPSMA-TV) and whole-body total lesion PSMA (wbTL-PSMA), as well as the established maximum and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVmean), were calculated for each patient.

Baseline 18F-FDG PET textural features as predictors of response to chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Purpose: We sought to investigate the performance of radiomics analysis on baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT for predicting response to first-line chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

Material And Methods: Forty-five patients who received first-line rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R-CHOP) chemotherapy for DLBCL were included in the study. Radiomics features and standard uptake value (SUV)-based measurements were extracted from baseline PET images for a total of 147 lesions.

Single-photon Emission CT Combined with Spiral CT for Early Detection and Localization of Bone Metastasis: A Review.

Background: Bone metastasis is common in cancer. Evaluating the metastatic status in cancer is of utmost importance in order to provide the best patient's management.

Discussion: Bone scintigraphy is widely used for evaluation of bone metastasis.

Effects of chronic sleep deprivation on upper respiratory tract mucosal histology and mucociliary clearance on rats.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of chronic sleep deprivation on mucociliary clearance, which is the primary defence mechanism of the upper airway tract and nasal mucosal histology. Forty-two Wistar Albino rats (250-300 g), 8 or 12 weeks old, were randomly assigned into three groups as follows. The first sleep-deprivation group consisted of 14 rats (A), another 14 of them were assigned to platform group (B), and the remaining 14 were included to the home cage control group (C).

The role of serum osteoprotegerin level in diagnosis of disease and determining cardiovascular risk of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Although animal studies claim that osteoprotegerin (OPG) is preventive on this system, there are conflicting results in human studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of OPG in the diagnosis and determination of cardivovascular risk in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is a multisystem effective disease. The study was performed on 28 premenopausal healthy female volunteers and 57 newly diagnosed PCOS patients in 2017.

Comparison between single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography and ultrasound in preoperative detection of parathyroid adenoma: retrospective review of an institutional experience.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of technetium- 99m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (Tc-MIBI) single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and ultrasound in preoperative localization of single parathyroid adenomas (PTAs) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) who would be suitable for minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP).

Methods: A retrospective study of 143 consecutive patients with biochemical evidence of hyperparathyroidism who underwent preoperative localization of parathyroid lesions using Tc-MIBI SPECT/CT and ultrasound, and proceeded to parathyroid surgery at our institution from January 2013 to January 2018. Of these, 125 had single adenomas and are the subject of this study.

Diagnostic Value of Bone SPECT/CT in Patients with Suspected Osteomyelitis.

Objectives: The aim of our retrospective study was to evaluate the contribution of single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to three phase bone scintigraphy/SPECT for the assessment of osteomyelitis (OM) and patient’s management.

Methods: Eighty-five patients who were suspected as having OM were included in this study. Tc-99m MDP three phase bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT were performed to the region of suspected OM.

A Case of Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy in Both Upper and Lower Extremities: A Rare Involvement.

Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA) is a paraneoplastic manifestation of gastric and, more frequently, lung carcinomas. It is characterized by extremity pain, clubbing, arthritis and periostitis of the long bones. Periostitis is the hallmark of HPOA and can be revealed with bone scintigraphy.

The Contribution of SPECT/CT in the Diagnosis of Stress Fracture of the Proximal Tibia.

Stress fractures are injuries most commonly seen in the lower limbs and are usually caused by repetitive stress. While the distal and middle third of the tibia is the most frequent site for stress fractures (almost 50%), stress fractures of the proximal tibia is relatively rare and could be confused with other types of tibial fractures, thus altering management plans for the clinician. Early diagnosis of stress fractures is also important to avoid complications.

DEXA analysis on the bones of rats exposed in utero and neonatally to static and 50 Hz electric fields.

Effects of the electromagnetic fields on living bodies, bones in particular, are among the relevant issues of contemporary life. In this study, we report the influences of 50 Hz and 0 Hz (static) electric fields (EF), on intact rat bones, as evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorbtion (DEXA) measurements on bone content and density when these animals (n = 27) are continuously exposed in utero and neonatally to EFs (10 kV/m) 14 days before and 14 days after their birth, for 28 days in total. Differences between 50 Hz EF and static EF groups are found to be significant (95% confidence level) for total bone mineral content (BMC), TBMC (P = .

Lymphoscintigraphic drainage of acral limb skin to interval sentinel lymph nodes in healthy subjects.

Background And Objectives: In the literature, drainage to epitrochlear and popliteal sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) are analyzed for whole or distal extremity (below elbow or knee) melanomas that are not topographically homogeneous with respect to tendency of drainage to interval SLNs. We hypothesize that acral (hand and foot) skin has a uniform frequency of drainage to interval SLNs, which is higher than reported for distal extremity melanomas.

Methods: One hundred healthy subjects were enrolled.

Detection of alveolar epithelial injury by Tc-99m DTPA radioaerosol inhalation lung scan in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disorder primarily involving the joints. Lung alterations in RA may be primary or secondary to pharmacological treatments and may involve the alveoli, interstitium, airways and/or pleura. Technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99m DTPA) aerosol inhalation scintigraphy is a sensitive and noninvasive test commonly employed to assess pulmonary epithelial membrane permeability.

Evaluation of the effect of trimetazidine on Tc-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile gated scintigraphy in patients with coronary artery ectasia.

Objective: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is the abnormal dilatation of a segment of the coronary artery to a diameter of at least 1.5 times that of normal adjacent segments. Symptoms are variable, and its prognosis and treatment modalities are unclear.

Lymphoscintigraphic drainage patterns of the auricle in healthy subjects.

Background: In lymphoscintigraphies of the head and neck, multiple injections around a tumor result in variable drainage to multiple nodal basins. We undertook this study in healthy subjects to test whether single injections at specified points in the auricle display single predictable pathways and predict visualization of parotid sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs).

Methods: Twenty-five healthy subjects were classified according to their injection points in the auricle.

Determination of inflammation of reflex sympathetic dystrophy at early stages with Tc-99m HIG scintigraphy: preliminary results.

The pathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is not completely understood. However, an excessive regional inflammation, sensitization of primary somatosensory afferents, and sensitization of spinal neurons are considered to have a role in the pathogenesis of RSD. The underlying pathophysiology relating the clinical picture may help to determine the pharmacotherapeutic approach for an individual patient.

Evaluation of joints using Tc 99m-MDP bone scintigraphy in patients with familial Mediterranean fever: should bone scans be used for diagnosis and follow-up?

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessively-inherited disorder typically manifested by recurrent attacks of fever and polyserositis. The articular disease occurs in 50-70% of patients. Bone scintigraphy is more sensitive in the diagnosis of arthritis than clinical examination or conventional radiological imaging, allowing earlier diagnosis through the visualization of disease in multiple sites.

The predictive value of additional late blood pool imaging to the three-phase bone scan in the diagnosis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in hemiplegic patients.

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a relative common sequel after hemiplegia. The diagnosis of RSD in hemiplegic patients presents difficult clinical problems, as the symptoms and signs of RSD are not specific and RSD may be due to reasons other than hemiplegia. Bone scintigraphy has been routinely used for the diagnosis of RSD; however, the optimal acquisition protocols, diagnostic patterns and the utility of quantitation are controversial.

Detection of alveolar epithelial injury by 99mTC-DTPA radioaerosol inhalation lung scan following blunt chest trauma.

DTPA clearance rate is a reliable index of alveolar epithelial permeability, and is a highly sensitive marker of pulmonary epithelial damage, even of mild degree. In this study, 99mTc-DTPA aerosol inhalation scintigraphy was used to assesss the pulmonary epithelial membrane permeability and to investigate the possible application of this permeability value as an indicator of early alveolar or interstitial changes in patients with blunt chest trauma. A total of 26 patients was chest trauma (4 female, 22 male, 31-80 yrs, mean age; 53+/-13 yrs) who were referred to the emergency department in our hospital participated in this tsudy.