Spontaneous pneumothorax in children: a radiological perspective.

Background: Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common clinical condition due to several etiologies. Appropriate radiologic assessment helps avoid re-imaging and guide individualized management.

Objective: To describe the etiologic factors of spontaneous pneumothorax in children from a radiological perspective.

Direct Effect of Caffeine on Diaphragmatic Muscles in Preterm Babies Through Ultrasonographic Examination.

Caffeine is frequently used for the treatment of apnea in preterm babies. Its mechanism of action includes not only antagonism of adenosine receptors on central nervous system but also an increase in electrical activity of the diaphragm. Caffeine's direct effect on diaphragm was investigated via electromyography, but ultrasound has not been used to show visible changes in muscles after the treatment before.

Pulmonary involvement in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Background: Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (pLCH) is a rare disease, mostly a component of multisystemic LCH. We aimed to investigate the clinical features and treatment results in children with pLCH.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiological, and treatment data of 37 patients with pLCH, diagnosed from 1974 to 2022.

Zero-echo time MRI: an alternative method for the diagnosis of urinary stones in children.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential of zero-echo time-magnetic resonance imaging (ZTE-MRI) in the assessment of urolithiasis and compare ZTE-MRI with computed tomography (CT) in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a single-center, prospective cross-sectional study conducted between April 2023 and December 2023. 23 patients (12 girls, 11 boys; mean age: 12.

Swallowing kinematics and submental muscles activation during a newly designed maneuver called Mouth Open Swallowing Maneuver: A comparative study.

The aim of this study was to design a new maneuver called the Mouth Open Swallowing Maneuver (MOSM), and to compare swallowing kinematics and submental muscles activation (SMA) between MOSM and two current approaches used in dysphagia rehabilitation. Fifty healthy volunteers were asked to perform three repetitions of dry swallowing (DS) (control task), the MOSM, the Mendelsohn Maneuver (MM), and the Tongue-Hold Maneuver (THM) during videofluoroscopic swallowing study accompanied with simultaneous SMA recording. Swallowing kinematics were measured by frame-by-frame analysis on hyolaryngeal movement using ImageJ.

Radiomics in differential diagnosis of Wilms tumor and neuroblastoma with adrenal location in children.

Objectives: Machine learning methods can be applied successfully to various medical imaging tasks. Our aim with this study was to build a robust classifier using radiomics and clinical data for preoperative diagnosis of Wilms tumor (WT) or neuroblastoma (NB) in pediatric abdominal CT.

Material And Methods: This is a single-center retrospective study approved by the Institutional Ethical Board.

Liver magnetic resonance elastography and fat fraction in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis versus healthy children.

Background: Liver involvement is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). While liver biopsy is the gold standard for demonstrating involvement, its invasiveness prompts a search for noninvasive alternatives.

Objective: To evaluate liver involvement in pediatric patients with CF (versus healthy controls) using magnetic resonance (MR) elastography/spectroscopy and to correlate the imaging findings with clinical/laboratory characteristics.

Imaging Features of Pediatric Sarcoidosis.

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disease of uncertain cause. It occurs most commonly in young and middle-aged adults and less frequently in children; therefore, few data on pediatric sarcoidosis exist in the literature. The diagnosis and management of sarcoidosis remain challenging because of diverse and often nonspecific clinical and imaging findings.

Focal fatty sparing areas of the pediatric steatotic liver: pseudolesions on hepatobiliary phase magnetic resonance images.

Purpose: Focal fatty sparing in liver can be detected as hyperintense pseudolesions on hepatobiliary phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Distinguishing these pseudolesions from liver lesions may make diagnosis challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the imaging features of fatty sparing areas on liver MRI in pediatric patients who have been administered gadoxetate disodium.

Childhood interstitial lung disease in Turkey: first data from the national registry.

The childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILD) Turkey registry (chILD-TR) was established in November 2021 to increase awareness of disease, and in collaboration with the centers to improve the diagnostic and treatment standards. Here, the first results of the chILD registry system were presented. In this prospective cohort study, data were collected using a data-entry software system.

Ganglioneuromas in Childhood: Hacettepe Experience With 70 Cases.

Background: Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are rare benign peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNTs). We shared our institutional experience with childhood GNs.

Methods: Records of the children with PNTs between January 1995 and December 2021 were reviewed, and cases with histopathological diagnoses of GN were identified.

The risk of cardiovascular comorbidity in children with Behçet's disease.

Objective: Patients with Behçet's disease (BD) may experience long-term morbidity caused by various forms of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the risk for cardiovascular comorbidity in paediatric BD patients with and without vascular involvement, independent of the contribution of traditional risk factors.

Methods: Paediatric patients classified as having BD according to the 2015 Peadiatric BD (PEDBD) criteria were included in the study.

The role of distance between upper and lower esophageal pouches to predict the possibility of delayed repair in children with isolated esophageal atresia.

Aim: A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the role of distance between upper and lower esophageal pouches and pouch lengths to predict delayed primary repair (DPR) in patients with isolated esophageal atresia (EA).

Methods: Patients with isolated EA were evaluated for demographic features, associated anomalies, surgical options, and complications. The babygrams obtained for evaluating gap assessment were examined for the distance between pouches and pouch lengths.

Plastic bronchitis during childhood: Diversity of presentation, etiology, treatment, and outcomes.

Objective: Plastic bronchitis (PB) is a rare disease in children, and reliable data are scarce. Here, we aimed to analyze the clinical features, management, and outcomes in children with PB.

Methods: The medical data of patients who were followed up with a diagnosis of PB between January 2010 and March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.

Endoscopic treatment of periampullary duodenal duplication cyts in an 18-month-old girl.

Background: Duodenal duplication cysts (DDC) are rare congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract and periampullary localization with anatomical variants including biliary and pancreatic duct anomalies remains a surgical challenge. Endoscopic treatment of the periampullary DDC (PDDC) communicating with the pancreaticobiliary duct in an 18-month-old girl is presented to discuss the endoscopic treatment options in children.

Case: An 18-month-old girl with a normal prenatal ultrasound (US) was asymptomatic until complaining of abdominal pain and vomiting at 10-months of age.

Acute Pancreatitis and Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis in Children: Imaging Findings and Outcomes.

Objective: The prevalence of acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis in children has increased over the years, and there are limited data about imaging findings. This study aimed to reveal the imaging findings of acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis in children at a tertiary care hospital.

Materials And Methods: The patients with acute pancreatitis and acute recurrent pancreatitis diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2018 were included.

Are the thickness and ADC values reliable to evaluate pancreas in children? A retrospective MRI study.

Purpose: To define the pancreatic thickness on the transverse plane and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values at multiple anatomical locations in the normal pancreas of children and to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability.

Methods: Two reviewers measured the thickness and ADC values of the pancreas at four locations obtained from two different 1,5 Tesla MRI scanners [MAGNETOM Symphony (Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany) and Signa HDxt(GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA)]. Measurements were made based on 190 retrospective MRI examinations.

Favourable outcomes of conservatively managed acute abdomen associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Backgrounds: Abdominal pain is one of the most common symptoms of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Abdominal pain can vary from mild to severe and may present as acute abdomen. Severe abdominal pain in patients with MIS-C should be differentiated from surgical causes of acute abdomen to prevent unnecessary surgery.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Gallbladder Polyps in Children.

Background: Gallbladder polyps are rare lesions protruding into the gallbladder lumen with variable clinical presentation. No standard treatment algorithm has been developed for pediatric gallbladders, and the malignant potential of the gallbladder is not clear in children. Therefore, a retrospective study was performed to evaluate the clinical features and treatment options of gallbladder polyps in children.

Childhood-onset Takayasu arteritis and immunodeficiency: case-based review.

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) has been rarely reported in patients with immunodeficiency. In this review, we present two cases with childhood-onset TAK (c-TAK) and primary immunodeficiency while reviewing similar cases in the literature. We reviewed the data for our two pediatric patients with c-TAK and primary immunodeficiency.

Early postoperative complications in pediatric abdominal solid tumor surgery according to Clavian-Dindo classification.

Purpose: Postoperative period after abdominal solid tumor surgery is critical regarding complications. This study aimed to detect incidence and treatment of complications.

Methods: Single center retrospective study including years 2010-2019 for early postoperative complications were documented and graded according to Clavian-Dindo classification.