Effects of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Autologous and Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a standard modality of treatment for breast cancer. The exposure of patients to drugs that effect the cells and processes involved in healing prior to reconstructive surgical procedures is a source of concern for reconstructive surgeons. The reported effects of NAC on autologous and tissue expander to implant-based breast reconstruction vary from study to study and have not been comprehensively reviewed on a large scale.

Microsurgery in the Sickle Cell Trait Population: Can it Be Safely and Successfully Performed?

Free-tissue transfer reconstruction in patients with sickle cell anemia risks failure due to polymerization of sickle hemoglobin within the flap microcirculation. However, outcomes vary, as the amount of polymerization is dependent on factors such as disease phenotype/diagnosis, degree of hypoxia, and intracellular dehydration. Most of the literature focuses on patients with sickle cell disease, which produces higher concentrations of sickle hemoglobin and, therefore, is a contraindication to microvascular reconstruction.

Food justice in Vermont's environmentally vulnerable communities.

In this study, we examine cases of food insecurity and food justice issues in Vermont's environmentally vulnerable communities. Using a structured door-to-door survey (n = 569), semi-structured interviews (n = 32), and focus groups (n = 5), we demonstrate that: (1) food insecurity in Vermont's environmentally vulnerable communities is prominent and intersects with socioeconomic factors such as race and income, (2) food and social assistance programs need to be more accessible and address vicious cycles of multiple injustices, (3) an intersectional approach beyond distribution is required to address food justice issues in environmentally vulnerable communities, and (4) paying attention to broader contextual and environmental factors may provide a more nuanced approach to understanding food justice.

Comparison of Information Criteria for Detection of Useful Signals in Noisy Environments.

This paper considers the appearance of indications of useful acoustic signals in the signal/noise mixture. Various information characteristics (information entropy, Jensen-Shannon divergence, spectral information divergence and statistical complexity) are investigated in the context of solving this problem. Both time and frequency domains are studied for the calculation of information entropy.

Preventing early harsh parenting and toddler behavior problems: The role of neighborhood collective efficacy among low-income Latine families.

Harsh parenting behaviors are alarmingly prevalent during infancy and toddlerhood. From an ecological perspective, predicting and preventing harsh parenting requires probing not only micro- and exosystem-level processes but also the interactions among them. In the current longitudinal study, we examined associations among maternal depressive symptoms, harsh parenting, and neighborhood collective efficacy in 142 low-income Latina mothers and their infants (M = 14.

Mandating Limits on Workload, Duty, and Speed in Radiology.

Research has not yet quantified the effects of workload or duty hours on the accuracy of radiologists. With the exception of a brief reduction in imaging studies during the 2020 peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the workload of radiologists in the United States has seen relentless growth in recent years. One concern is that this increased demand could lead to reduced accuracy.

Taking perspective on attachment theory and research: nine fundamental questions.

Since its inception more than 50 years ago, attachment theory has become one of the most influential viewpoints in the behavioral sciences. What have we learned during this period about its fundamental questions? In this paper, we summarize the conclusions of an inquiry into this question involving more than 75 researchers. Each responded to one of nine "fundamental questions" in attachment theory.

Maternal Psychological Risk Moderates the Impacts of Attachment-Based Intervention on Mother-Toddler Mutuality and Toddler Behavior Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Although there is robust evidence of the benefits of attachment-based parenting interventions, limited research has examined their impact on dyadic mutuality and toddler behavior problems. Given the central question in prevention research of what works for whom, and the documented relation of maternal psychological risk to parenting and intervention response, it is important to consider the moderating role of maternal psychological risk in the efficacy of attachment-based interventions. The current study extends prior research on a randomized controlled trial of Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) by examining its impact on dyadic mutuality and the moderating role of maternal psychological risk in ABC's impact on dyadic mutuality and toddler behavior problems.

Fear of Being Fired for Malpractice and Failing Up.

Malpractice is one of the biggest fears that physicians have. Such an allegation has serious ramifications for radiologists. In this article, I discuss a rare but important example of how a lawsuit against a radiologist led to failing up and an unexpected outcome.

The value added of attachment theory, research, and intervention for US child care and early childhood education: Reflecting and carrying forward the legacy of Edward Zigler.

Edward Zigler pioneered and insisted upon the integration of science, practice, and policy development to support vulnerable children and families, reduce poverty, and improve US wellbeing, writ large. His far-reaching scholarship in turn critically shaped developmental science and US policy in multiple areas. This review reflects upon Zigler's influence on US child care, Head Start, Early Head Start, and prekindergarten programs.

Increasing maternal sensitivity to infant distress through attachment-based intervention: a randomized controlled trial.

Maternal sensitivity to infant distress is a key predictor of infant attachment security and social-emotional development. Preventive interventions that support mothers' sensitive responses to infant distress are crucial, as are rigorous evaluations that test such interventions are effective. The current randomized controlled trial tested main and moderated effects of an attachment-based intervention on mothers' sensitivity to their infants' distress in 161 low-income, predominantly Latino mother-infant dyads.

Supporting Infant Emotion Regulation Through Attachment-Based Intervention: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Infant emotion regulation has long-term implications for human development, highlighting the need for preventive interventions that support emotion regulation early in life. Such interventions may be especially important for infants higher in emotional reactivity who need to regulate their emotions more frequently and intensely than infants lower in emotional reactivity. The current randomized trial examined main and moderated effects of an attachment-based intervention on (a) infants' use of mother-oriented and self-soothing emotion regulation strategies and (b) infant emotion dysregulation in 186 low-income, predominantly Latino infants.

Intergenerational Continuity in Child Maltreatment: Explicating Underlying Mechanisms.

The current study examined direct and indirect effects of a mother's history of childhood physical and sexual abuse on her child's officially reported victimization. This prospective, longitudinal study followed a community-based sample of 499 mothers and their children. Mothers (35% White/non-Latina, 34% Black/non-Latina, 23% Latina, and 7% other) were recruited and interviewed during pregnancy, and child protective services records were reviewed for the presence of the participants' target child between birth and age 3.

Maternal attachment style, sensitivity, and infant obesity risk in low-income, Latino families.

Disparities in childhood obesity highlight the need for research to identify its early predictors in high-risk populations, such as low-income, Latino families. In the current study, the first of its kind in a low-income Latino sample ( = 55;  = 12.74 months,  = 3.

Speed Versus Interpretation Accuracy: Current Thoughts and Literature Review.

Whether there is a precise relationship between reading speed and diagnostic accuracy has been an elusive and much debated issue. We discuss the literature and include practical considerations and relevant experience. To our knowledge, no credible relationship has been established between the speed of diagnostic image interpretation and accuracy.