Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) for determination of tricyclic antidepressants in whole blood and plasma samples and analysis by liquid chromatography with diode array detector (LC-DAD).

Microextractions have been developed for the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) analysis in biological matrices, including dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). The proposed DLLME employed 490 µL of biological sample (whole blood or plasma), which were added 15 mg of NaCl, 10 µL of medazepam as internal standard (10 µg/mL) and 100 µL of 2 M NaOH. This mixture was homogenized by vortex (2800 rpm/10 s) and 400 µL of hexane (extractor solvent) with 600 µL of methanol (dispersing solvent) were added to the sample.

Tonsillar carcinoma in dogs: Treatment outcome and potential prognostic factors in 123 cases.

Background: Tonsillar carcinomas are rarely reported in dogs. Information on outcome after treatment is sparse and prognosis is guarded to poor.

Hypothesis/objectives: Assess treatment outcome and potential prognostic factors in a population of dogs with cytological or histopathological diagnosis of tonsillar carcinoma.

Incomplete histological margins following planned narrow excision of canine appendicular soft tissue sarcomas and mast cell tumors, using the residual tumor classification scheme.

Objective: To describe the frequency of incomplete histological margins following planned narrow excision (PNE) of mast cell tumors (MCTs) and soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), and to assess the residual tumor classification (R) scheme for reporting histological margins in clinical cases.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical study.

Sample Population: Forty-four client-owned dogs with 47 masses.

Comparison of harmonic shears, diode laser, and scissor cutting and suturing for caudal palatoplasty in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome.

Traditionally, staphylectomy has been performed using scissors cutting and suturing. Alternative surgical techniques such as staphylectomy with monopolar electrocoagulation, CO or diode laser, bipolar vessel sealing device and harmonic shears have also been described. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the difference in surgical time, intraoperative haemorrhage and histological damage between staphylectomy performed with harmonic shears (HSS), diode laser (DLS) and traditional scissor 'cutting and suturing' technique with Metzenbaum scissors (SIS).

Outcomes of adjunctive radiation therapy for the treatment of mast cell tumors in dogs and assessment of toxicity: A multicenter observational study of 300 dogs.

Background: Radiation therapy is commonly used as an adjunct to incomplete surgical excision in dogs with mast cell tumors (MCT), but the optimal dose and fractionation regimen have yet to be determined.

Hypothesis: We assessed outcomes (time to local recurrence, patient survival and toxicity) of a large population of dogs with MCT that received adjunctive radiation therapy.

Animals: Three hundred dogs with 302 MCT treated using adjunctive radiation therapy.

Canine cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours: a narrative review.

Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours are common neoplasms in the dog. While the majority can be treated with adequate local therapy alone, a subset demonstrates a biologically aggressive behaviour associated with local recurrence or metastasis. This article reviews the diagnosis and tumour staging of canine mast cell tumours alongside treatment options and the evidence supporting their use.

Strontium 90 plesiotherapy for the treatment of eyelid squamous cell carcinoma in eight cats.

Objectives: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common eyelid tumour in cats. The main treatment is extensive surgery and the cosmetic outcome can be worrisome for some owners. Strontium 90 (ST-90) plesiotherapy is a therapeutic modality used for superficial tumours, including SCC.

Value, Limitations, and Recommendations for Grading of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors: A Consensus of the Oncology-Pathology Working Group.

One of the primary objectives of the Oncology Pathology Working Group (OPWG), a joint initiative of the Veterinary Cancer Society and the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to standardize aspects and provide guidelines for oncologic pathology. Consensus is established through review of relevant peer-reviewed literature relative to a subgroup's particular focus. In this article, the authors provide a critical review of the current literature for grading of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, suggest guidelines for reporting, and provide recommendations for its clinical interpretation.

Review of Histological Grading Systems in Veterinary Medicine.

Tumor grading is a method to quantify the putative clinical aggressiveness of a neoplasm based on specific histological features. A good grading system should be simple, easy to use, reproducible, and accurately segregate tumors into those with low versus high risk. The aim of this review is to summarize the histological and, when available, cytological grading systems applied in veterinary pathology, providing information regarding their prognostic impact, reproducibility, usefulness, and shortcomings.

Accidental ingestion of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide: N-acetylcysteine treatment and toxicological analysis.

Introduction: Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) is a highly toxic product which promotes tissue damage by uncontrolled free radical production.

Case Report: A man accidentally ingested 110 ml of MEKP (37%) at his workplace after mistaking it with a bottle of water. A loading dose of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and subsequent maintenance doses were applied at the hospital for three consecutive days.

Prognostic and predictive significance of KIT protein expression and c-kit gene mutation in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours: A consensus of the Oncology-Pathology Working Group.

One of the primary objectives of the Oncology-Pathology Working Group (OPWG), a joint initiative of the Veterinary Cancer Society and the American College of Veterinary Pathologists, is for oncologists and pathologists to collaboratively generate consensus documents to standardize aspects of and provide guidelines for oncologic pathology. Consensus is established through critical review of peer-reviewed literature relevant to a subgroup's particular focus. Subsequent acceptance and approval of the document by the OPWG membership at large establishes consensus.

Computed tomographic dimensions of the normal adult equine eye.

There are limited data on whether the dimensions of the equine eye and its internal structures change with bodyweight in horses. The aim of this study was to identify whether the size of the equine eye and its individual structures varied in a predictable manner with bodyweight, and to examine the reliability of computed tomography (CT) scans in the measurement of the equine eye. Ninety horses which had undergone CT examination of the head for non-ocular disease were included.

Owners' perception of their dogs' quality of life during and after radiotherapy for cancer.

Objectives: To determine the owners' perception of dogs' quality of life before, immediately after and 6 weeks after radiotherapy treatments for a variety of neoplasms and assess owner satisfaction over their decision to treat.

Materials And Methods: Questionnaires were given to owners whose dogs completed a radiotherapy treatment at a referral radiation oncology centre. Questionnaires were given at three time points: before treatment, on the last day of treatment and more than 6 weeks after the treatment was finished.

Comparison of minichromosome maintenance protein 7, Ki67 and mitotic index in the prognosis of intermediate Patnaik grade cutaneous mast cell tumours in dogs.

A previous study found that minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) score was associated with prognosis in dogs with cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) independent of histological grade. The primary aim of this study was to validate this score in a different cohort of dogs focusing exclusively on patients with Patnaik intermediate grade MCTs treated with surgery alone and followed for a minimum of 1 year. A secondary aim was to evaluate the prognostic performance of MCM7 in relation to Kiupel histological grade, mitotic index (MI) and Ki67 index in the same cohort of dogs.

Prognostic significance of histopathology in canine anal sac gland adenocarcinomas: Preliminary results in a retrospective study of 39 cases.

Metastatic rates and survival times of canine anal sac gland adenocarcinomas (ASGACs) vary among studies, making prognostication difficult. Little is known about the prognostic significance of histopathology of ASGACs. This retrospective study investigated associations between histological features, clinical presentation and outcome for 39 ASGACs.

Canine meningiomas treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy require magnetic resonance imaging to avoid a geographic miss.

Exact target volume definition is an essential prerequisite for modern radiotherapy treatment planning. Contouring the gross tumor volume of brain tumors on computed tomography (CT) images coregistered with magnetic resonance images is standard practice in human medicine. In this retrospective study, including only cases with an imaging diagnosis of meningioma, we hypothesized that the gross tumor volume contoured from the contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (gross tumor volume-MRI) is larger when compared to the gross tumor volume contoured using contrast-enhanced CT (gross tumor volume-CT).

Response, disease-free interval and overall survival of cats with nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma treated with a fractionated vs a single-dose protocol of strontium plesiotherapy.

Objectives: The main aim of the study was to establish response, disease-free interval (DFI) and overall survival of cats with nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with Sr90 plesiotherapy. A secondary aim was to determine whether a fractionated protocol is more effective than a single-dose protocol in terms of response, DFI and overall survival. The third aim was to evaluate whether we can identify prognostic factors that influence overall survival.

Assessment of Lymphoid Molecular Clonality in Canine Thymoma.

The aim of this study was to document the molecular clonality of lymphoid cells in canine thymoma using polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR). Fifteen formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded samples of canine thymoma were analyzed for T- and B-cell receptor clonality. Two of these 15 cases were excluded from the study due to insufficient DNA concentration.

Marginal resection and adjuvant strontium plesiotherapy in the management of feline eyelid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours: two cases.

Case Series Summary: Two cats with a marginally resected eyelid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour were treated with adjuvant strontium plesiotherapy a few weeks after surgery. The dose applied in both cases was 200 Gy to the surface, in five fractions, on a Monday-Wednesday-Friday basis. The treatment aimed to achieve a clinical margin of approximately 1 cm around the surgical scar and multiple application fields were required to cover such an area.

Prognostic Significance of Canine Mammary Tumor Histologic Subtypes: An Observational Cohort Study of 229 Cases.

Histopathology is considered the gold standard diagnostic method for canine mammary tumors. In 2011, a new histologic classification for canine mammary tumors was proposed. The present study was a 2-year prospective study that validated the 2011 classification as an independent prognostic indicator with multivariate analysis in a population of 229 female dogs, identifying subtype-specific median survival times (MST) and local recurrence/distant metastasis rates.

Use of Oncept melanoma vaccine in 69 canine oral malignant melanomas in the UK.

Objectives: Oral malignant melanomas carry a poor-to-guarded prognosis because of their local invasiveness and high metastatic propensity. The Oncept melanoma vaccine is licensed to treat dogs with stage II or III locally-controlled oral malignant melanoma and this retrospective study aimed to assess survival of affected dogs treated with the vaccine in the UK.

Material And Methods: Medical records of dogs with histopathologically-confirmed oral malignant melanoma that received the vaccine as part of their treatment were evaluated.

A NOVEL, REMOVABLE, CERROBEND, BEAM-BLOCKING DEVICE FOR RADIATION THERAPY OF THE CANINE HEAD AND NECK: PILOT STUDY.

Radiation therapy of the head and neck can result in mucositis and other acute affects in the oral cavity. This prospective pilot study evaluated a novel, intraoral, beam-blocking device for use during imaging and therapeutic procedures. The beam-blocking device was made from a metal alloy inserted into a coated frozen dessert mold (Popsicle® Mold, Cost Plus World Market, Oakland, CA).

Evaluation of Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 7 and c-KIT as Prognostic Markers in Feline Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumours.

Mast cell tumours (MCTs) are a common skin tumour in cats, but there is currently no histological grading system or reliable prognostic marker for this species (unlike the situation for dogs). This study utilized a set of 71 feline cutaneous MCTs with known clinical outcomes to assess the potential of various prognostic markers, including the cellular proliferation marker minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM)-7, mitotic index and various KIT labelling characteristics, including KIT positivity, KIT labelling pattern and KIT immunoreactivity score (IS). Of the factors studied, the mitotic index and the KIT labelling pattern were the only features associated significantly with survival times, while the proliferation marker MCM7 and the KIT IS were not.