ABCA1 and ABCG1 DNA methylation in epicardial adipose tissue of patients with coronary artery disease.

Background: Recent studies have focused on the potential role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). ABCA1 and ABCG1 transporters regulate cell cholesterol content and reverse cholesterol transport. We aimed to determine whether DNA methylation and mRNA levels of the ABCA1 and ABCG1 genes in EAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were associated with CAD.

FABP4 and omentin-1 gene expression in epicardial adipose tissue from coronary artery disease patients.

Omentin-1 and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) are adipose tissue adipokines linked to obesity-associated cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to investigate epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) omentin-1 and FABP4 gene expression in obese and non-obese patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Omentin-1 and FABP4 mRNA levels in EAT and paired subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) as well as adipokine serum concentrations were assessed in 77 individuals (61 with CAD; 16 without CAD (NCAD)).

Expression of Genes Encoding Nuclear Factors PPARγ, LXRβ, and RORα in Epicardial and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

The nuclear factors PPARγ, RORα, and LXRβ are involved in transcriptional control of adipogenesis and implicated in glucose and lipid metabolism. In adipose tissues, they regulate inflammation. This study focuses on expression of the PPARG, RORA, and LXRβ (NR1H2) genes in epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissues in patients with coronary heart disease as well as with concomitant abdominal obesity.

[The Expression of Genes Encoding ABCA1 and ABCG1 Transporters and PPARγ, LXRβ, and RORα Transcriptional Factors in Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Women with Metabolic Syndrome].

The study aimed to investigate tissue-specific gene expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, encoding cholesterol transporters, as well as PPARG, LXRβ (NR1H2), and RORA, encoding the most important transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism, in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (SAT and VAT) in women with metabolic syndrome. It was shown that the ABCG1 mRNA SAT/VAT ratio decreases with age and correlates with the development of metabolic syndrome. After age adjustment, women have reduced chances of metabolic syndrome development when ABCG1 gene expression in SAT is higher relative to VAT than women with VAT ABCG1 gene expression higher or comparable to SAT: OR = 0.

[Epicardial and subcutenious adipose tissue adiponectin gene expression in coronary artery disease patients].

Aim To determine the expression of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) and the content of high-molecular-weight adiponectin (HMWA) in epicardial (EAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD).Material and methods Paired samples of EAT and SCAT and blood serum were withdrawn from patients with IHD after bypass surgery and 16 subjects without IHD (comparison group). Matrix RNA (mRNA) level was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

[Prognostic value of epicardial fat thickness in coronary heart disease patients after myocardial revascularization].

Objective To study the role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in determination of risk for adverse course of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in patients after myocardial revascularization.Materials and Methods This study included 217 subjects, 182 IHD patients and 35 evaluated individuals without IHD. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed for 104 patients and coronary bypass (CB) was performed for 78 patients.

[Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Levels of Total and High-Molecular Weight Adiponectin in Women With Abdominal Obesity].

Objective: to investigate influence of different forms of adiponectin on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in women with abdominal obesity (AO) in St.‑Petersburg. It has been recognized before that AO is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, but mechanism of this association remains unclear.

Blood lysosphingolipids accumulation in patients with parkinson's disease with glucocerebrosidase 1 mutations.

Introduction: Glucocerebrosidase 1 mutations, the most common genetic contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD), have been associated with decreased glucocerebrosidase enzymatic activity in PD patients with glucocerebrosidase 1 mutations (glucocerebrosidase 1-PD). However, it is unknown whether this decrease in enzymatic activity leads to lysosphingolipid accumulations.

Methods: The levels of hexosylsphingosines, globotriaosylsphingosine, sphingomyelin, and sphingomyelin-509 were measured in dried blood spots from glucocerebrosidase 1-PD patients (n = 23), sporadic PD patients (n = 105), Gaucher disease patients (n = 32), and controls (n = 88) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

ITLN1, PPARg AND TNFa GENE EXPRESSION IN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE.

The adipose tissue is considered today as an endocrine organ in which tissue-specific regulation of gene expression plays a key role in the processes of development of obesity and comorbidities, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The present study is focused on ITLN1, PPARã and TNFá gene expression in intra-abdominal adipose tissue and its effect on the serum levels of omentin 1 and TNFa in individuals with different body mass. It has been shown that serum TNFa level is significantly higher in the subgroup of patients with overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) as compared to individuals with normal body weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2)( p < 0.

[Regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression in the intraabdominal adipose tissue].

Tissue specific expression of genes encoding cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 as well as genes encoding the most important transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis - LXRa, LXRb, PPARg and RORa has been investigated in intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAT) samples.A direct correlation between the content of ABCA1 and ABCG1 proteins with RORa protein level (r=0.480, p<0.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Genetic Traits in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Individuals.

Objective: To assess prevalence of metabolically healthy individuals among patients with abdominal obesity (AO) and to determine phenotype and potential genetic traits associated with a benign metabolic status.

Methods: 503 AO patients without cardiovascular diseases were examined. Waist circumference (WC), BMI, blood pressure, plasma glucose and serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, and adiponectin (AN) and leptin (LEP) concentrations in serum were measured.

[Leptin and metabolic syndrome].

Obesity is characterized by increased concentration of leptin and disturbance of the feedback between hyperleptinaemia and enhanced appetite. The hyperleptinaemia is often combined with hyperglycaemia and arterial hypertension and seems to be a predictor of acute cardiovascular events. Leptin inhibitors might be used in the future for therapy in case of the metabolic syndrome.

[Genetic variants of platelet ADP receptor P2Y12 associated with changed platelet functional activity and development of cardiovascular diseases].

The key role in platelet aggregation is played by the platelet ADP receptor P2Y12, which is the target for antiaggregant drugs, clopidogrel and ticlopidine. At present, only sporadic data on genetic variants of platelet ADP receptor P2Y12 are available from literature, and their association with thromboembolic and cardiovascular diseases still remains obscure. Analysis of the group of subjects with high platelet reactivity resulted in identification of two nucleotide substitutions, C18T and G36T, in the coding region of the P2Y12 gene.

[Genetic risk factors for development of myocardial infarction in young men living in North-West region of Russia].

With the aim to detect genetic factors of risk of development of early myocardial infarction (MI) we studied 29 allele variants of 19 genes in 206 men who had survived MI in the age before 45 years and in 195 men of similar age without cardiovascular diseases. All subjects were inhabitants of North-West region of Russia. The following factors were associated with history of myocardial infarction: genotype RR191 of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) gene (RR 2.

[Allele Frequency Analysis of Four Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Locating in Promoter and 5'-Untranslated Regions of ABCAI Gene in Young Men - Survivors From Myocardial Infarction].

Analysis of allele distribution of four single nucleotide polymorphisms (C-17G, C69T, G-191C and 319insG) of promoter and 5'-untranslated regions of the ABCA1 gene was carried out in a sample of 171 men, who had survived myocardial infarction before 45 years, and in controls. Two-fold increase of T69 and C-191 allele frequencies were observed in Russian population in comparison to Dutch one. While comparing allele and genotype distributions of the polymorphisms in the samples under study no statistically significant differences were found, so as no influence of different alleles on lipid spectrum data was observed.

[Multicenter Study of Efficacy and Safety of a Preparation of Lovastatin in Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease and Mild or Moderate Hypercholesterolemia].

Ninety patients with ischemic heart disease and mild or moderate hypercholesterolemia were included in a multicenter study of efficacy and safety of a preparation of lovastatin (Holetar, KRKA). After 6 weeks of a diet period 46 patients remained on diet and in 44 patients lovastatin was added to diet for 12 weeks. All patients received 20 mg/day for 6 weeks.

[Effect of phenofibrate treatment on endothelial dysfunction in patients with history of myocardial infarction in young age].

Aim: To evaluate the severity of endothelial dysfunction in patients with a history of myocardial infarction in young age and its changes during therapy with lipantil 200 M.

Material And Methods: The percentage of dilatation of the brachial artery during reactive hyperemia test, number of circulating desquamated endotheliocytes, and lipid metabolism parameters were evaluated in 40 men with a history of myocardial infarction before the age of 45 years and 40 healthy men.

Results: Endothelial dysfunction was detected in coronary patients: the percentage of dilatation of the brachial artery was decreased, the number of circulating endotheliocytes increased, and lipid metabolism disordered.

[Effects of hypolipidemic therapy on the endothelial dysfunction in patients with myocardial infarction at young age].

Aim: To evaluate the degree of endothelial dysfunction in patients who survived myocardial infarction (MI) at young age, its response to therapy with lipantil.

Material And Methods: Dilation of the brachial artery in response to reactive hyperemia, number of circulating desquamated endotheliocytes, lipid metabolism were assessed in 40 males who had survived MI at the age under 45 years and in 40 healthy males.

Results: Patients with ischemic heart disease had endothelial dysfunction: decreased dilation of the brachial artery, increased count of circulating endotheliocytes, defective lipid metabolism.

[I/D polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene in men with myocardial infarction at young age].

The rate of D allele did not differ between patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) who had myocardial infarction before the age 45, and healthy males. The DD genotype of the ACE gene was much more frequently encountered in the patients than in healthy males. The findings suggest that the DD genotype is an independent risk factor of the IHD and myocardial infarction in young patients.

[Endothelium disfunction in patients with myocardial infarction at the younger age].

The endothelium was studied in males who had sustained myocardial infarction (MI) at young age (under 45 years). The parameters of endothelium-dependent dilatation of the brachial artery were estimated during a reactive hyperemia test and the blood count of circulating (desquamated) endotheliocytes was measured. The values obtained in patients groups randomized by different parameters were compared with each other and with control values.

[Diagnostic value of evaluation of desquamated endothelial cells in blood].

Circulating endotheliocytes as indicator of endothelial dysfunction were evaluated in the blood by Hladovec's method (1978) in patients with coronary disease, coronary stroke, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and gestosis. The content of circulating (desquamated) endotheliocytes was increased in all patients, which reflected endothelial damage. The most pronounced changes were detected in patients with gestosis.

Role of the low-affinity NGF receptor (p75) in survival of retinal bipolar cells.

We have examined the role of neurotrophins in promoting survival of mammalian rod bipolar cells (RBC) in culture. Retinas taken from 8- to 10-day-old Long-Evans rats were dissociated and cultured in media supplemented with either nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), or basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). Survival was measured by the number of cells that were immunoreactive for alpha-, beta-, gamma-PKC, a bipolar cell-specific marker.

[Changes in the concentration of atrial hormone in hypertensive crises].

The paper presents concentrations of atrial sodium-uretic hormone (AH) in the plasma of hypertensive subjects during a hypertensive crisis and in stable blood pressure, in healthy subjects (12, 19 and 7 females, respectively). AH levels were the highest in hypertensives in the crisis. Mean AH concentrations in the crisis and short after the pressure normalization did not differ much.