Diet quality in an ethnically diverse sample of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder compared with nationally representative data.

Background: Children with developmental disabilities are at an increased risk of unhealthy eating habits, which may contribute to compromised growth and development. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit unique risk factors for unhealthy dietary patterns, including sensory issues and cognitive rigidity at mealtimes.

Objective: This cross-sectional study examined diet quality in a sample of children with ASD in Florida compared to nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014/2013-2014 data using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015).

"Different but connected": Participatory action research using Photovoice to explore well-being in autistic young adults.

Past research has mainly focused on autistic people's deficits and poor outcomes compared to other groups of people. Little is known about their positive life experiences, and how to support them to achieve a higher quality of life. It is important to include autistic individuals in research so that they can influence how their voices are represented in a meaningful way and how the research results will be useful to them.

Urea treatment in fluid restriction-refractory hyponatraemia.

Objective: Hyponatraemia in hospitalized patients is common and associated with increased mortality. International guidelines give conflicting advice regarding the role of urea in the treatment of SIADH. We hypothesized that urea is a safe, effective treatment for fluid restriction-refractory hyponatraemia.

Investigation and management of moderate to severe inpatient hyponatraemia in an Australian tertiary hospital.

Background: Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte disturbance amongst hospitalised patients. Both American and European guidelines recommend fluid restriction as first line treatment for SIADH, however differ on second line recommendations. The objective of this study was to examine investigation and management of hyponatraemia in hospitalised patients in an Australian tertiary hospital.

Use of drugs subject to controlled prescriptions: a retrospective analysis.

Objective: Use of drugs that may lead to abuse or dependence are subject to controlled prescriptions (CPs) in many countries, and these are closely monitored by health authorities. According to national regulations in Turkey, CPs may be red coloured (RCPs) or green coloured (GCPs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of such drugs in Istanbul.

Into the unknown: aging with autism spectrum disorders.

Research investigation of older adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) noticeably lags behind studies of children and younger adults with ASD. This article reviews the current literature regarding a range of quality of life outcomes of aging adults with ASD. Studies that have addressed life expectancy, comorbid physical and mental health issues, ASD symptomatology, and social, residential, and vocational outcomes are reviewed.

Fluoxetine partly exerts its actions through GABA: a neurochemical evidence.

Fluoxetine, as a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor augments serotonin concentration within the synapse by inhibiting the serotonin transporter. The contribution of amino acids has also been shown in depression. We hypothesized that fluoxetine exerts its actions at least in part by intervening brain signaling operated by amino acid transmitters.

Effect of agmatine on brain L-citrulline production during morphine withdrawal in rats: a microdialysis study in nucleus accumbens.

Agmatine, an endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor and ligand for imidazoline receptors, has been previously shown to prevent morphine dependence in rats. The present study was designed to investigate NO formation in nucleus accumbens core region (NAcc) during naloxone (NL)-precipitated morphine withdrawal in rats treated with agmatine or l-NAME by using intracerebral microdialysis in freely moving rats, through measuring extracellular l-citrulline concentrations, an indirect sign of NO production since equal amounts of l-citrulline and NO are produced from l-arginine. l-Citrulline levels in the NAcc core did not change following administration of agmatine (40 mg/kg i.

Effect of systemic and intracortical administration of phenytoin in two genetic models of absence epilepsy.

1. Spontaneous 7-10 Hz spike-wave discharges (SWDs) are the electroencephalographic hallmark of absence seizures, as can be observed in WAG/Rij as well as in GAERS, two commonly used well-validated genetic rat models of absence epilepsy. A local upregulation of sodium channels within the perioral region of the primary somatosensory cortex indicated an initiation site for SWDs in WAG/Rij rats, in line with a new theory that assumes that SWDs have a cortical focal origin in the perioral region of the somatosensory cortex.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressant drugs in Marmara University Hospital.

Immunosuppressive therapy is the most crucial treatment of organ-transplanted patients. Both cyclosporin and tacrolimus have become a part of the standard immunosuppressive therapy for prevention of rejection. However, lower levels of these drugs are associated with insufficient therapy and eventually result in rejection of the organ, and, on the contrary, higher levels are associated with toxicity to certain organs such as liver and kidneys.

Effect of harmane on the convulsive threshold in epilepsy models in mice.

The study investigated the activity of harmane on maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and seizures induced by pentilentetrazole (PTZ) in mice. Initial studies established convulsive current 50 (CC(50)) values or MES and effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for PTZ to produce seizures. Harmane (2.

Effect of agmatine on electrically and chemically induced seizures in mice.

Agmatine, an amine and organic cation, is formed by the decarboxylation of L-arginine by arginine decarboxylase. It binds to alpha(2)-adrenergic and imidazoline receptors. It blocks N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors and inhibits nitric oxide (NO) synthase.

The influence of dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus on contralateral paraventricular nucleus in NMDA-mediated cardiovascular responses.

Dorsomedial (DMH) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) are two important hypothalamic structures involved in the central regulation of cardiovascular regulation. L-Glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were demonstrated to elicit cardiovascular responses when administered via intracerebroventricular injection or parenchymal microinjections into the hypothalamic nuclei, participating in central cardiovascular regulation. In this study the interaction between the DMH and the PVN were investigated by means of microinjection and microdialysis techniques in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Role of endothelin-1 in a cirrhotic rat model with endotoxin induced acute renal failure.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bacterial infections are known to trigger renal failure in patients with cirrhosis. However, the mechanisms for this process are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in a cirrhotic rat model with endotoxin induced renal failure by mixed ET-1 receptor antagonist, bosentan.

Cardiovascular responses to NMDA injected into nuclei of hypothalamus or amygdala in conscious rats.

The nuclei of hypothalamus and amygdala have been shown to be involved in the central cardiovascular homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that glutamate-containing neurons have an important role in the regulation of the central cardiovascular function. In this study, we demonstrate the roles of the central nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus or the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induced blood pressure and heart rate changes in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats.

Participation of NMDA and kainate receptors of paraventricular nucleus in cardiovascular responses to glutamate receptor agonist.

The nuclei of the hypothalamus have been shown to be involved in central cardiovascular homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that glutamate-containing neurons have an important role in the regulation of central cardiovascular function. We report first on the effects of intracerebrally injected NMDA and non-NMDA receptor ligands on blood pressure and heart rate in conscious Sprague-Dawley rats.

The effect of tizanidine on maximal electroshock seizures (MES) in mice.

Tizanidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, is a centrally active muscle relaxant and a spasmolytic drug. The aim of our study was to investigate the activity of tizanidine on maximal electroshock seizures (MES) in mice. In the first part of the study, convulsive current 50 (CC 50) value to produce seizures was found.

Tizanidine is an effective agent in the prevention of focal cerebral ischemia in rats: an experimental study.

Background: Focal cerebral ischemia secondary to cerebral vessel occlusion is still an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Excitatory neurotransmitters are gathered in the extracellular space during ischemia and initiate or stimulate a series of pathophysiological biochemical processes and consequently lead to neuronal death. Tizanidine (Sandoz compound DS 103-282, 5-chloro4,2 (2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiazol hydrochloride) is a selective alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonist which shows its effect by stimulating presynaptic alpha 2 adrenoreceptors in central ASPergic and GLUergic system by inhibiting aspartic acid and glutamic acid release.

Alteration of cholinergic pressor and antinociceptive responses in rats pretreated with the cholinergic toxin AF64A.

1. In the present study, the pressor and antinociceptive effects of physostigmine and oxotremorine were investigated in rats injected with AF64A intracerebroventricularly. 2.

Role of paraventricular and dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus and central nucleus of the amygdala on muscimol-induced cardiovascular responses.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an important role in the central control of cardiovascular functions. Previous evidence indicates that a tonically active GABAergic system exists in forebrain structures. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of the unilateral lesion of the central nucleus of amygdala, paraventricular or dorsomedial nuclei of the hypothalamus on muscimol-induced cardiovascular responses.

The role of amygdala and hypothalamus in GABAA antagonist bicuculline-induced cardiovascular responses in conscious rats.

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to play an important role in the central control of cardiovascular functions. GABAergic agonists and antagonists elicit blood pressure and heart rate changes when injected into the brain. It was demonstrated here that bicuculline methiodide (BMI), a GABAA antagonist, caused dose-dependent increases in both blood pressure and heart rate in conscious rats when injected intracerebroventricularly.

Antinociceptive effect of D-aspartic acid in mice.

The effects of D- and L-aspartic acids on the nociceptive tail flick reflex in mice were investigated. D-Aspartic acid (115-230 mg/kg, IP) was found to increase tail flick latency significantly. Naloxone (0.

The hypotensive effect of cisapride in rat.

1. Cisapride is a prokinetic agent believed to facilitate acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus of the gut. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cisapride on blood pressure and the effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on the cisapride-induced blood pressure changes.

Effect of diltiazem on renal function in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Calcium channel blockers have strong vasodilator, natriuretic and diuretic actions in normal and hypertensive subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diltiazem on renal function, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis (RAA) and atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in patients with liver cirrhosis. Seven patients (3 females and 4 males) with a mean age of 56.