Application of reductive amination by heterologously expressed Thermomicrobium roseumL-alanine dehydrogenase to synthesize L-alanine derivatives.

Unnatural amino acids are unique building blocks in modern medicinal chemistry as they contain an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group, and a variable side chain. Synthesis of pure unnatural amino acids can be made through chemical modification of natural amino acids or by employing enzymes that can lead to novel molecules used in the manufacture of various pharmaceuticals. The NAD+ -dependent alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to L-alanine by transferring ammonium in a reversible reductive amination activity.

Enhancing recombinant Chaetomium thermophilium Formate Dehydrogenase Expression with CRISPR Technology.

Genetic manipulation of Escherichia coli influences the regulation of bacterial metabolism, which could be useful for the production of different targeted products. The RpoZ gene encodes for the ω subunit of the RNA polymerase (RNAP) and is involved in the regulation of the relA gene pathway. RelA is responsible for the production of guanosine pentaphosphate (ppGpp), which is a major alarmone in the stringent response.

Structural insights into the NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase mechanism revealed from the NADH complex and the formate NAD ternary complex of the Chaetomium thermophilum enzyme.

The removal of carbon dioxide from the waste streams of industrial processes is a major challenge for creation of a sustainable circular economy. This makes the synthesis of formate from CO by NAD dependent formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) an attractive process for this purpose. The efficiency of this reaction is however low and to achieve a viable industrial process an optimised engineered enzyme needs to be developed.

Effect of Metal Ions on the Activity of Ten NAD-Dependent Formate Dehydrogenases.

NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) enzymes are frequently used in industrial and scientific applications. FDH is a reversible enzyme that reduces the NAD molecule to NADH and produces CO by oxidation of the formate ion, whereas it causes CO reduction in the reverse reaction. Some transition metal elements - Fe, Mo and W - can be found in the FDH structure of anaerobic and archaeal microorganisms, and these enzymes require cations and other redox-active cofactors for their FDH activity.

Conserved Amino Acid Residues that Affect Structural Stability of Candida boidinii Formate Dehydrogenase.

The NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH; EC 1.2.1.