Economic prescribing of corticosteroid nasal sprays in Germany: comparison of mometasone and budesonide nasal sprays on the basis of the DDD, the PDD and reference prices.

Aim: According to the German Social Security Code (SGB V), drugs should be prescribed on a cost-effective basis. An attempt is made to achieve this in Germany with the help of the DDD system and reference prices. Taking the example of the most frequently prescribed corticosteroid nasal sprays containing the active substances budesonide (BNS) or mometasone (MNS), we will show here that the DDD system is not necessarily suitable for tapping economic reserves.

Transcriptional regulation of NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase: comparative genetics and identification of DNA-binding proteins.

The transcriptional regulation of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) was analyzed in Arabidopsis ecotypes and other Brassicaceae. The amount of transcript increased twofold after transfer into low temperature (12 degrees C) or high light (750 microE) in all species. Analysis of the genomic DNA reveals that the NADP-MDH gene (At5g58330 in A.

Influence of the photoperiod on redox regulation and stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) plants under long- and short-day conditions.

Arabidopsis thaliana L. (Heynh.) plants were grown in low light (150 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1) and 20 degrees C) either in short days (7.