Perspective Review of Polymers as Additives in Water-Based Fracturing Fluids.

After successful implementation for more than 6 decades by the oil and gas industry, hydraulic fracturing remains the pioneer well stimulation method to date. Polymers are one of the additives in fracturing fluids that play a significant role. Polymers are used as friction reducers and viscosifiers to provide a transport medium for proppants in fracturing fluids.

Effect of Silica Nanoparticles on Polymer Adsorption Reduction on Marcellus Shale.

Polymers play a major role in developing rheology of fracturing fluids for multistage hydraulic fracturing horizontal wells in unconventional reservoirs. Reducing the amount of polymer adsorbed in the shale formation is essential to maintain the polymer efficiency. In this study, the ability of silica nanoparticles to minimize polymer adsorption in Marcellus shale formation at reservoir temperature was investigated.

Experimental and COSMO-RS Simulation Studies on the Effects of Polyatomic Anions on Clay Swelling.

Ionic liquids (ILs) can play a vital role in clay swelling inhibition during hydraulic fracturing. Previous studies highlighted the effect of side-chain length attached to the cationic core and different anions possessing almost the same chemical properties on inhibition performance. However, polyatomic anions have the potential to superiorly inhibit swelling compared to monoatomic anions.

Synergetic Effect of Surfactant Concentration, Salinity, and Pressure on Adsorbed Methane in Shale at Low Pressure: An Experimental and Modeling Study.

The influence of an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and salinity on adsorbed methane (CH) in shale was assessed and modeled in a series of systematically designed experiments. Two cases were investigated. In case 1, the crushed Marcellus shale samples were allowed to react with anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and brine.