Pressure-Dependent Elevation of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Level in Chicken Choroid.

Purpose: Autonomic control is important in maintaining ocular integrity. As recent data suggested that intrinsic choroidal neurons (ICN), an intrinsic choroidal autonomic control, may regulate choroidal thickening via release of the vasodilative vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), it was the aim of the study to investigate the level of choroidal VIP (VIP) in the presence of an increased atmospheric pressure in a chicken model.

Methods: Chicken choroidal whole mounts were exposed to ambient pressure ( = 20) and 40 mm Hg ( = 20) in a PC-controlled, open chamber system for 24 and 72 h, respectively.

Urea cycle disorders and indications for liver transplantation.

Urea cycle disorders (UCD) are inborn errors of metabolism caused by deficiency of enzymes required to convert nitrogen from ammonia into urea. Current paradigms of treatment focus on dietary manipulations, ammonia scavenger drugs, and liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and indication of liver transplantation in UCD in a tertiary hospital.

Immunohistochemical detection of urea transporter-A in the tear-producing part of the lacrimal system.

Objective: Urea constitutes a physiological and presumably well-regulated constituent of tear fluid. Its lacrimal concentration is significantly decreased in dry eye disease. Urea homeostasis within the tear fluid may also depend on the expression of urea transporters.

Endophthalmitis: Epidemiology, Causing Agents, Therapy and Visual Outcome with Special Focus on Glaucoma Patients.

Background: Endophthalmitis is one of the most serious emergencies in ophthalmology. In order to reduce its prevalence, it is important to have a proper understanding of potential risk. Surgical therapy with targeted, pathogen-specific medication and an intact immune system are fundamental for preserving visual acuity.

Urea transporter-B expression on the ocular surface and in the lacrimal glands.

Objective: Urea is a component of tear fluid showing a significantly decreased concentration in dry eye disease. The urea content of tear fluid may depend on urea transporters. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of urea transporter B (UT-B) at the ocular surface and in the lacrimal glands.

Retinal Microcirculation as a Correlate of a Systemic Capillary Impairment After Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affects the pulmonary systems via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor, being an entry to systemic infection. As COVID-19 disease features ACE-2 deficiency, a link to microcirculation is proposed. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) enables non-invasive analysis of retinal microvasculature.

Mouth-nose masks impair the visual field of healthy eyes.

Background: Mouth-nose masks have been requested to prevent the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of the present study was to investigate, if wearing a mouth-nose mask impairs the visual field function in normals.

Methods: Thirty eyes of 30 subjects were recruited for the present study.

Infrared thermography: different options of thermal eyelid warming.

Purpose: Current therapies of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) include thermal eyelid warming. It was the aim of the study to investigate the temperature run after eyelid warming using 3 different techniques (hot compresses, Blephasteam® (Thea Pharma GmbH, France), and having a sauna) in patients with MGD compared with normal subjects by infrared thermography.

Methods: A prospective case-control study was done.

ICare Pro: Age Dependent Effect of Central Corneal Thickness on Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension Patients.

: Measurement of the exact intraocular pressure (IOP) is essential in glaucoma diagnosis and follow-up, thus all therapeutic options affect IOP in order to win sighted lifetime. As it is known that corneal properties of glaucoma patients differ from normal subjects, the present study aimed to investigate the influence of CCT on rebound tonometry (ICT, ICare Pro) in glaucoma and ocular hypertension patients in dependency of age additionally considering different times of day.: Three hundred sixty-two eyes of 190 subjects were included: 339 open-angle glaucoma and 23 ocular hypertension.

[MIGS-off-label option for treatment-refractory steroid-induced ocular hypertension].

Steroid-induced ocular hypertension (SIOH), which cannot be regulated by topical antiglaucoma agents, is a rare complication after intravitreal implantation of diverse cortisone derivatives. This case report presents a therapeutic approach for treatment-refractory SIOH after intravitreal implantation of fluocinolone acetonide using various minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) techniques.

Mutations in PIK3C2A cause syndromic short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and cataracts associated with ciliary dysfunction.

PIK3C2A is a class II member of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) family that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) into PI(3)P and the phosphorylation of PI(4)P into PI(3,4)P2. At the cellular level, PIK3C2A is critical for the formation of cilia and for receptor mediated endocytosis, among other biological functions. We identified homozygous loss-of-function mutations in PIK3C2A in children from three independent consanguineous families with short stature, coarse facial features, cataracts with secondary glaucoma, multiple skeletal abnormalities, neurological manifestations, among other findings.

VIP changes during daytime in chicken intrinsic choroidal neurons.

Purpose: Ocular autonomic control is mediated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibres. Their interactions are complemented by primary afferent nerve fibers of and intrinsic choroidal neurons (ICN). As the vasodilatative neuropeptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), is expressed in extrinsic and intrinsic ocular neurons, it is of special interest in ophthalmic research.

Follicular Conjunctivitis due to -Case Report, Review of the Literature and Improved Molecular Diagnostics.

A 29-year-old woman presented with unilateral, chronic follicular conjunctivitis since 6 weeks. While the conjunctival swab taken from the patient's eye was negative in a -specific PCR, was identified as etiological agent using a pan- TaqMan-PCR followed by sequence analysis. A pet kitten of the patient was found to be the source of infection, as its conjunctival and pharyngeal swabs were also positive for .

[Zoledronate-induced panuveitis].

Zoledronate-induced (Aclasta®) uveitis is a rare iatrogen-induced inflammation of ocular structures, which can result in substantial morphological and functional limitations. This case report describes the clinical course of a female patient with zoledronate-induced panuveitis. Additionally, the diagnostic procedure, therapy and follow-up are presented.

Optical clearing of the eye using the See Deep Brain technique.

PurposeTissue clearing has been used in anatomy for the first time in Germany over a century ago. Neuronal tissue, like cortex, was investigated in mice using a water-based optical clearing method termed See Deep Brain (SeeDB). However, although the eye belongs to the central nervous system, this histological technique was not applied in the eye up to date.

[Therapy options for malignant eyelid tumors].

Basal cell carcinomas are the most common malignant tumors of the eyelids. Patient history, clinical symptoms and signs, inspection, palpation and slit-lamp examination usually allow a working diagnosis; however, the clinical diagnosis requires histopathological confirmation and determination of the histopathological type. Squamous cell carcinomas, sebaceous gland carcinomas, melanomas and Merkel cell carcinomas can metastasize usually via the lymph vessels into the regional lymph nodes.

[Laser-induced Maculopathy Caused by Strangers].

Laser-induced ocular injuries are of public interest, especially when caused by strangers. Two laser-induced maculopathies were presented which had been caused by strangers. Morphological findings were shown by funduscopy and Spectralis Domain OCT follow-up.

[Sympathetic ophthalmia following repeated pars plana vitrectomy : Clinical findings and spectral domain OCT follow-up].

Sympathetic ophthalmia is a rare form of bilateral granulomatous panuveitis, occurring after penetrating trauma. Hitherto, sympathetic ophthalmia after vitrectomy has only occasionally been described in the literature. This case report presents a female patient with sympathetic ophthalmia after repeated pars plana vitrectomy on the basis of clinical findings and follow-up with fluorescein angiography, spectral domain OCT, and histopathology.

[Self-inflicted laser-induced maculopathy in adolescence].

Reports of laser-induced ocular injuries have become more frequent in recent years, especially due to high-energy laser pointers. The article presents for the first time in the German literature a case of self-inflicted laser-induced maculopathy in an adolescent. In addition to the clinical findings, the results of funduscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) follow-up are presented.

Choroidal Neovascularization Associated with Punctate Inner Choroidopathy: Combination of Intravitreal Anti-VEGF and Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy.

Purpose: Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) associated with punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is a rare clinical entity, yet still a challenge for medical treatment. A case of a young myopic woman developing CNV secondary to unilateral PIC is presented. Clinical morphology, diagnostic procedure and follow-up are reported.

[Frosted branch angiitis : Clinical findings and Spectralis OCT follow-up].

Frosted branch angiitis is a special form of retinal vasculitis, which has only rarely been reported in the literature. Although the majority of cases of frosted branch angiitis are idiopathic, a systematic clinical work-up should be done in order to exclude other causes, such as infectious and autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical findings with the images obtained during follow-up by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).