Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, eosinophilic peroxidase, eotaxin-3, and galectin-3 in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, and in healthy controls: a semiquantitative image analysis of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-stained esophageal biopsies.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) share many histopathological features; therefore, markers for differentiation are of diagnostic interest and may add to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms. The nitrergic system is upregulated in GERD and probably also in EoE. Esophageal biopsies of patients with EoE (n = 20), GERD (n = 20), and healthy volunteers (HVs) (n = 15) were exposed to antibodies against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, eosinophilic peroxidase, eotaxin-3, and galectin-3.

Eosinophilic esophagitis prevalence, incidence, and presenting features: a 22-year population-based observational study from southwest Sweden.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the esophagus that affects both children and adults. Symptoms in adults are mainly esophageal dysphagia, which ranges from mild symptoms to acute food bolus obstruction of the esophagus. Diagnosis is defined as symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and ≥ 15 eosinophils/high power field (HPF) in at least one of the biopsies taken from the esophagus.

Validation and psychometric evaluation of the Swedish version of the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale.

Objectives: The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale is a symptom-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients suffering from nasal obstruction. The instrument is designed specifically for patients with septal deviation and for the evaluation of the outcome of septoplasty. The aim of this study was to validate a Swedish version of the NOSE instrument for use in clinical practice and research.

Treatment with head-lift exercise in head and neck cancer patients with dysphagia: results from a randomized, controlled trial with flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES).

Background: This randomized study aimed to evaluate the effects of the Shaker head-lift exercise (HLE) to improve dysphagia following oncologic treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC).

Methods: Patients with dysphagia following oncologic treatment for HNC were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 23) or control (standard dysphagia management, n = 24) groups. Swallowing was evaluated at baseline and at 8-week follow-up using flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and self-perceived swallowing with the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10).

TTCOV19: timing of tracheotomy in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients: a multicentre, single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Critically ill COVID-19 patients may develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and the need for respiratory support, including mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Previous observational studies have suggested early tracheotomy to be advantageous. The aim of this parallel, multicentre, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the optimal timing of tracheotomy.

Structural Insights into Human Adenovirus Type 4 Virus-Associated RNA I.

RNA molecules can adopt specific RNA triplex structures to execute critical biological functions. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are abundant pathogens encoding the essential, noncoding virus-associated RNA I (VA RNAI). Here, we employ a triplex-specific probing assay, based on the intercalating and cleaving agent benzoquinoquinoxaline 1, 10-phenanthroline (BQQ-OP), to unravel a potential RNA triplex formation in VA RNAI.

The effect of the Shaker head-lift exercise on swallowing function following treatment for head and neck cancer: Results from a randomized, controlled trial with videofluoroscopic evaluation.

Background: Dysphagia is common following treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) and intervention to improve swallowing function is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the Shaker head-lift exercise (HLE) to improve dysphagia in HNC patients.

Methods: Patients treated for HNC with radiochemotherapy and with subsequent dysphagia were randomly assigned to intervention (HLE, n = 25) and control (standard dysphagia management, n = 27) groups.

A Global Review of Provisions on Emergency Care in National Constitutions.

National constitutions are important tools for the realization of the right to health, and constitutional law linking health and human rights has been associated with improved access to health resources. Meanwhile, emergency care is a lifesaving service delivery platform with the potential to address much of the death and disability in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Yet even where services exist, access to emergency care may be systematically limited for vulnerable populations, except where laws explicitly protect the right to emergency care.

Tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study on complications and timing.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the timing of tracheotomy and the duration of mechanical ventilation and stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) in patients with COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate tracheotomy complications and mortality.

Methods: Consecutive patients with COVID-19 infection admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases in Gothenburg, Sweden were identified.

Circulating brain injury biomarkers increase after endoscopic surgery for pituitary tumors.

Pituitary tumors and subsequent treatment with endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) may cause injury to suprasellar structures, causing long-term fatigue and neurocognitive impairment. A method to quantify brain injury after ETSS is not available. In this prospective, exploratory study of patients undergoing ETSS for pituitary tumors, a novel approach to detect possible neuronal damage is presented.

Headache Before and After Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Tumor Surgery: A Prospective Study.

 Headache is a common symptom among patients with pituitary tumors, as it is in the general population. The aim of the study was to investigate headache as a symptom in patients with pituitary tumors before and 6 months after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (TSS).  This is a prospective observational cohort study.

Topically applied mometasone furoate improves dysphagia in adult eosinophilic esophagitis - results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Objectives: Topical corticosteroids are considered a cornerstone in the treatment of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of using mometasone furoate spray versus placebo on dysphagia and health-related quality of life in these patients.

Material And Methods: Consecutive, newly diagnosed adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis were randomized and treated with either 200 micrograms of orally administered topical mometasone furoate or placebo 4 times daily for 8 weeks.

Sinonasal Symptoms and Self-Reported Health before and after Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery-A Prospective Study.

 Despite the limited invasiveness of endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS), some degree of nasal structure destruction is unavoidable. Our objective was to evaluate sinonasal morbidity and self-reported health before and 6 months after ETSS for pituitary tumors, and to identify possible predictive factors for deterioration in sinonasal health.  Prospective observational cohort study.

Considerations for service delivery for emergency care in low resource settings.

In a shift from the more traditional disease focused model of global health interventions, increasing attention is now being placed on the importance of strengthening healthcare systems as a key component for achieving improved health outcomes. As emergency care systems continue to develop and strengthen around the world, the concept of service delivery provides one way to assess how well these systems are functioning. By focusing on service delivery, a system can be evaluated based on its ability to provide patients with access to the high-quality emergency care that they deserve.

Governing access to emergency care in Africa.

Emergency care not only has the potential to address a large portion of death and disability in low- and middle-income countries, it is also essential to achieving the current Universal Health Coverage agenda and fulfilling the universal human right to the highest attainable standard of health. One of six health system building blocks, governance is often neglected but nonetheless essential for guaranteeing access and strengthening emergency care systems in Africa. In this paper, we highlight key components of governance that are necessary to guaranteeing access to emergency care, describe current examples of emergency care accessibility laws and regulation in various African countries, and suggest priorities for measuring and evaluating the impact of legal guarantees for access to emergency care in Africa.

Continuum of sexual and gender-based violence risks among Syrian refugee women and girls in Lebanon.

Background: A myriad of factors including socio-economic hardships impact refugees, with females being additionally exposed to various forms of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). The aim of this qualitative analysis was to understand and to provide new insight into the experiences of SGBV among Syrian refugee women and girls in Lebanon.

Methods: The data are gained from a larger mixed-methods study, investigating the experiences of Syrian refugee girls in Lebanon, using an iPad and the data collection tool, SenseMaker®.

Retrospective chart review: seasonal variation in incidence of bolus impaction is maintained and statistically significant in subgroups with atopy and eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory condition with eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. The most prominent symptom is dysphagia, which may result in esophageal bolus impaction in need of surgical extraction. To investigate whether an earlier reported seasonal variation in esophageal bolus impaction present only in a subgroup of patients with EoE and atopic disorders could be confirmed in this larger study.

Oligonucleotide Binding to Non-B-DNA in .

, originally named c-, is an oncogene deregulated in many different forms of cancer. Translocation of the gene to an immunoglobulin gene leads to an overexpression and the development of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). Sporadic BL constitutes one subgroup where one of the translocation sites is located at the 5'-vicinity of the two major promoters P₁ and P₂.

Validation of instruments for the assessment of dysphagia due to malignancy of the esophagus.

The aim of the study was to validate the Watson scale, the Ogilvie scale, and the Goldschmid scale for assessment of dysphagia due to malignancy of the esophagus. After translation of the scales to Swedish, 35 patients with dysphagia due to esophageal malignancy were asked to participate. On day 1, patients were asked to fill in the questionnaires.

The diagnostic value of GerdQ in subjects with atypical symptoms of gastro-esophageal reflux disease.

Background: Symptoms are essential in the clinical diagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). Questionnaires such as GerdQ have been developed as diagnostic aids. GerdQ has been thoroughly validated in well-characterized GERD patients, but has not yet been fully evaluated in a population that includes subjects with atypical symptoms.

The cultivable bacterial flora of the esophagus in subjects with esophagitis.

Background: The healthy human esophagus is colonized by bacteria similar to that of the oral mucosa. However, little is known about the microbiome of the esophagus in esophagitis or the possible role of bacteria in the inflammatory response.

Aim: To survey bacterial diversity and compare the microbiome of the esophagus in subjects with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Making sense of child, early and forced marriage among Syrian refugee girls: a mixed methods study in Lebanon.

Introduction: The Syrian conflict has resulted in over 2.3 million child refugees in the Middle East and the prevalence of early marriage has reportedly increased among displaced Syrian families. This study explores the underlying factors contributing to child marriage among Syrian refugees in Lebanon with the goal of informing community-based strategies to address the issue.

Implementation of a SenseMaker® research project among Syrian refugees in Lebanon.

The Syrian conflict has displaced over 1.2 million Syrians into Lebanon. As a result of displacement, some Syrian families are turning to child marriage as a coping mechanism.

Differences in eosinophil molecular profiles between children and adults with eosinophilic esophagitis.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) afflicts both children and adults. It has been debated whether pediatric EoE and adult EoE represent different disease entities. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the blood eosinophil molecular pattern of children with EoE is (i) distinct from that of healthy children; and (ii) different from that of adults with EoE.

Eosinophils from eosinophilic oesophagitis patients have T cell suppressive capacity and express FOXP3.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an antigen-driven T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory disease where food and environmental antigens are thought to have a role. Human eosinophils express the immunoregulatory protein galectin-10 and have T cell suppressive capacity similar to regulatory T cells (T ). We hypothesized that one function of eosinophils in EoE might be to regulate the T cell-driven inflammation in the oesophagus.