Characterization of RAP Signal Patterns, Temporal Relationships, and Artifact Profiles Derived from Intracranial Pressure Sensors in Acute Traumatic Neural Injury.

Goal: Current methodologies for assessing cerebral compliance using pressure sensor technologies are prone to errors and issues with inter- and intra-observer consistency. RAP, a metric for measuring intracranial compensatory reserve (and therefore compliance), holds promise. It is derived using the moving correlation between intracranial pressure (ICP) and the pulse amplitude of ICP (AMP).

Multivariate Modelling and Prediction of High-Frequency Sensor-Based Cerebral Physiologic Signals: Narrative Review of Machine Learning Methodologies.

Monitoring cerebral oxygenation and metabolism, using a combination of invasive and non-invasive sensors, is vital due to frequent disruptions in hemodynamic regulation across various diseases. These sensors generate continuous high-frequency data streams, including intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), providing real-time insights into cerebral function. Analyzing these signals is crucial for understanding complex brain processes, identifying subtle patterns, and detecting anomalies.

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and candidate genes for trichome development in Brassica villosa using genetic, genomic, and transcriptomic approaches.

Brassica villosa is characterized by its dense hairiness and high resistance against the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Information on the genetic and molecular mechanisms governing trichome development in B. villosa is rare.

Cytotoxic and proliferation-inhibitory activity of natural and synthetic fungal tropolone sesquiterpenoids in various cell lines.

Fungal specialized metabolites are known for their potent biological activities, among which tropolone sesquiterpenoids (TS) stand out for their diverse bioactivities. Here, we report cytotoxic and proliferation inhibitory effects of the recently discovered TS compounds 4-hydroxyxenovulene B and 4-dihydroxy norpycnidione, and the structurally related 4-hydroxy norxenovulene B and xenovulene B. Inhibition of metabolic activity after TS treatment was observed in Jurkat, PC-3 and FAIK3-5 cells, whereas MDA-MB-231 cells were unresponsive to treatment.

Artifact identification and removal methodologies for intracranial pressure signals: a systematic scoping review.

. Intracranial pressure measurement (ICP) is an essential component of deriving of multivariate data metrics foundational to improving understanding of high temporal relationships in cerebral physiology. A significant barrier to this work is artifact ridden data.

Candesartan Has No Clinically Meaningful Effect on the Plasma Concentrations of Cytochrome P450 2C8 Substrate Repaglinide in Humans.

In vitro evidence shows that the acyl--D-glucuronide metabolite of candesartan inhibits cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 with an inhibition constant of 7.12 M. We investigated the effect of candesartan on the plasma concentrations and glucose-lowering effect of repaglinide, a sensitive clinical CYP2C8 index substrate.

Association Between Clinical Measures of Depth of Sedation and Multimodal Cerebral Physiology in Acute Traumatic Neural Injury.

Neurointensive care primarily focuses on secondary injury reduction, utilizing a variety of guideline-based approaches (including administration of high-dose sedation) to reduce the injured state. However, titration of sedation is currently based on the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS), a subjective clinical grading score of a patient's response to external physical stimuli, and not an objective measure. Therefore, it is likely that there exists substantial variation in objective sedation depth for a given clinical grade in these patients, leading to undesired sedation depths and cerebral physiological consequences.

Experiences from the initial 3 years of introducing the British Pharmacological Society and UK Medical Schools Council Prescribing Safety Assessment for Danish junior doctors.

Aims: The British Pharmacological Society and UK Medical Schools Council Prescription Safety Assessment (BPS/MSC PSA) is an electronic platform developed for assessing the prescription skills of medical students. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of the BPS/MSC PSA in addressing prescribing competencies among junior doctors in a hospital setting.

Methods: The Department of Clinical Pharmacology at Odense University Hospital established a Danish translated programme using the BPS/MSC PSA platform.

Artifact Management for Cerebral Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Artifacts induced during patient monitoring are a main limitation for near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a non-invasive method of cerebral hemodynamic monitoring. There currently does not exist a robust "gold-standard" method for artifact management for these signals. The objective of this review is to comprehensively examine the literature on existing artifact management methods for cerebral NIRS signals recorded in animals and humans.

The association of acute and chronic phase cerebrovascular reactivity with patient reported quality of life following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.

Global outcomes have been reported to be associated with cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in the acute phase following moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The association of CVR in the acute and chronic phase of injury with patient-reported health-related quality of life metrics (HRQOL) metrics has never been explored. The aim of this study is to examine the association of CVR, as measured by the cerebral oxygen indices (COx and COx_a), in the acute and chronic phase following moderate and severe TBI, with patient reported HRQOL.

Associations Between Intracranial Pressure Extremes and Continuous Metrics of Cerebrovascular Pressure Reactivity in Acute Traumatic Neural Injury: A Scoping Review.

Cerebrovascular pressure reactivity plays a key role in maintaining constant cerebral blood flow. Unfortunately, this mechanism is often impaired in acute traumatic neural injury states, exposing the already injured brain to further pressure-passive insults. While there has been much work on the association between impaired cerebrovascular reactivity following moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and worse long-term outcomes, there is yet to be a comprehensive review on the association between cerebrovascular pressure reactivity and intracranial pressure (ICP) extremes.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex elicits an immediate transcranial evoked potential.

Background: Transcranial evoked potentials (TEPs) measured via electroencephalography (EEG) are widely used to study the cortical responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Immediate transcranial evoked potentials (i-TEPs) have been obscured by pulse and muscular artifacts. Thus, the TEP peaks that are commonly reported have latencies that are too long to be caused by direct excitation of cortical neurons.

Multivariate modeling and prediction of cerebral physiology in acute traumatic neural injury: A scoping review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a significant global public health challenge necessitating a profound understanding of cerebral physiology. The dynamic nature of TBI demands sophisticated methodologies for modeling and predicting cerebral signals to unravel intricate pathophysiology and predict secondary injury mechanisms prior to their occurrence. In this comprehensive scoping review, we focus specifically on multivariate cerebral physiologic signal analysis in the context of multi-modal monitoring (MMM) in TBI, exploring a range of techniques including multivariate statistical time-series models and machine learning algorithms.

Continuous monitoring methods of cerebral compliance and compensatory reserve: a scoping review of human literature.

Continuous monitoring of cerebrospinal compliance (CC)cerebrospinal compensatory reserve (CCR) is crucial for timely interventions and preventing more substantial deterioration in the context of acute neural injury, as it enables the early detection of abnormalities in intracranial pressure (ICP). However, to date, the literature on continuous CC/CCR monitoring is scattered and occasionally challenging to consolidate.We subsequently conducted a systematic scoping review of the human literature to highlight the available continuous CC/CCR monitoring methods.

CAOS-R: Character-Based Barcoding.

CAOS-Barcoding is a culmination of traditional taxonomy and modern DNA barcoding. CAOS identifies taxa by diagnostic characters as is done in traditional taxonomy and produces an identification matrix for taxon discrimination similar to DNA barcoding distance matrices. Here, I describe how to set up the CAOS-Barcoder and CAOS-Classifier software, which input data is needed, and how to interpret the output data.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Regional Oxygen Saturation Based Cerebrovascular Reactivity Assessments in Chronic Traumatic Neural Injury versus in Health: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO)-based cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) monitoring has enabled entirely non-invasive, continuous monitoring during both acute and long-term phases of care. To date, long-term post-injury CVR has not been properly characterized after acute traumatic neural injury, also known as traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to compare CVR in those recovering from moderate-to-severe TBI with a healthy control group.

Time-Series Modeling and Forecasting of Cerebral Pressure-Flow Physiology: A Scoping Systematic Review of the Human and Animal Literature.

The modeling and forecasting of cerebral pressure-flow dynamics in the time-frequency domain have promising implications for veterinary and human life sciences research, enhancing clinical care by predicting cerebral blood flow (CBF)/perfusion, nutrient delivery, and intracranial pressure (ICP)/compliance behavior in advance. Despite its potential, the literature lacks coherence regarding the optimal model type, structure, data streams, and performance. This systematic scoping review comprehensively examines the current landscape of cerebral physiological time-series modeling and forecasting.

Review of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of clonidine as an adjunct to opioids in palliative care.

Clonidine is an α-adrenoceptor agonist acting on receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues, leading to a reduction in sympathetic outflow and release of certain neurotransmitters. Clonidine has multiple uses across various medical conditions. One of its uses is as adjuvant to anaesthetic and analgesic agents specially opioids, mostly administered through intravenous and epidural routes.

Non-Invasive Estimation of Intracranial Pressure-Derived Cerebrovascular Reactivity Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Sensor Technology in Acute Neural Injury: A Time-Series Analysis.

The contemporary monitoring of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) relies on invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring which limits its application. Interest is shifting towards near-infrared spectroscopic regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO)-based indices of CVR which are less invasive and have improved spatial resolution. This study aims to examine and model the relationship between ICP and rSO-based indices of CVR.

Evaluation of Morlet Wavelet Analysis for Artifact Detection in Low-Frequency Commercial Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Systems.

Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO), a method of cerebral tissue oxygenation measurement, is recorded using non-invasive near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) devices. A major limitation is that recorded signals often contain artifacts. Manually removing these artifacts is both resource and time consuming.