Management of epilepsia partialis continua: A systematic review.

Purpose: Epilepsia partialis continua (EPC) is form of focal motor status epilepticus, with limited guidelines regarding effective pharmacological management. This systematic review aimed to describe previously utilized pharmacological management strategies for EPC, with a focus on patient outcomes.

Methods: A systematic review of the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS was performed from inception to May 2024.

Haves and have-nots: socioeconomic position improves accuracy of machine learning algorithms for predicting high-impact chronic pain.

Lower socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with increased risk of developing chronic pain, experiencing more severe pain, and suffering greater pain-related disability. However, SEP is a multidimensional construct; there is a dearth of research on which SEP features are most strongly associated with high-impact chronic pain, the relative importance of SEP predictive features compared to established chronic pain correlates, and whether the relative importance of SEP predictive features differs by race and sex. This study used 3 machine learning algorithms to address these questions among adults in the 2019 National Health Interview Survey.

Influence of connection design and material properties on stress distribution and fatigue lifetime of zygomatic implants: A finite element analysis.

Zygomatic implants (ZIs) were developed as a graftless alternative to rehabilitate severely reabsorbed maxillae. This study aims to employ three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate the impact of external hexagonal implant connection (EHC) and internal hexagonal implant connection (IHC) on the stress distribution and fatigue lifetime within the ZI systems using parameters defined in ISO 14801:2016. Two ZI assemblies (Nobel Biocare and Noris Medical) were scanned in a micro-CT scanner and reconstructed using Nrecon software.

Early Use of Aspirin for Coronary Allograft Prophylaxis in Heart Transplant Recipients.

Background: Coronary allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation. The use of aspirin for CAV prophylaxis has recently garnered interest as a possible therapeutic adjunct in this setting.

Methods: This 2-center retrospective cohort study included 372 patients who underwent heart transplantation between January 2009 and March 2018 and were stratified according to the commencement of aspirin during their index transplant admission.

HeartMate 3 implantation with an emphasis on the biventricular configuration.

Objectives: Right ventricular failure following implantation of a durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is a major driver of mortality. Reported survival following biventricular (BiVAD) or total artificial heart (TAH) implantation remains substantially inferior to LVAD alone. We report our outcomes with LVAD and BiVAD HeartMate 3 (HM3).

Female sex steroids and epilepsy: Part 1. A review of reciprocal changes in reproductive systems, cycles, and seizures.

Seizures, antiseizure medications, and the reproductive systems are reciprocally entwined. In Section 2 of this review, we outline how seizures may affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, thereby altering sex steroids, and changes in sex steroids across the menstrual cycle and changes in pharmacokinetics during pregnancy may alter seizure susceptibility. The literature indicates that females with epilepsy experience increased rates of menstrual disturbances and reproductive endocrine disorders.

Hemoglobin A1c as a Predictor of Surgical Site Infection in Patients With Orthopaedic Trauma.

Introduction: Previous research involving diabetes mellitus (DM), glycemic control, and complications in orthopaedic patients has primarily focused on elective procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate hemoglobin A1c (A1c) as a predictor of postoperative surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with orthopaedic trauma.

Methods: Patients aged 18 years or older treated surgically for an acute fracture by a fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeon at a single academic tertiary referral center with a laboratory value for A1c available within 3 months of their surgery were identified retrospectively.

Female sex steroids and epilepsy: Part 2. A practical and human focus on catamenial epilepsy.

Catamenial epilepsy is the best described and most researched sex steroid-specific seizure exacerbation. Yet despite this there are no current evidence-based treatments, nor an accepted diagnostic tool. The best tool we currently have is tracking seizures over menstrual cycles; however, the reality of tracking seizures and menstrual cycles is fraught with challenges.

Effect of cyclic substituents on the anti-cancer activity and DNA interaction of ruthenium(II) bis-phenanthroline dipyridoquinoline.

Ruthenium(II) complexes have emerged recently as candidates for anti-cancer therapy, where activity is related to lipohilicity, cellular localization, and specific interactions with biomolecules. In this work, two novel complexes were synthesized and are reported based on the [Ru(phen)(dipyrido[3,2-:2',3'-]quinoxaline] framework. Compared to the parent complex, annealing of cyclopenteno and cyclohexeno rings to the extended ligand substantially increased cytotoxicity towards a number of cancer cell lines, and induced apoptosis.

Pragmatic design and inclusion of patient-partner representatives improves participant experience in clinical research.

Objectives: Patient engagement in the design and implementation of clinical trials is necessary to ensure that the research is relevant and responsive to patients. The PREP-IT trials, which include 2 pragmatic trials that evaluate different surgical preparation solutions in orthopaedic trauma patients, followed the patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) methodology throughout the design, implementation, and conduct. We conducted a substudy within the PREP-IT trials to explore participants' experiences with trial participation.

Circannual seizure provocation as the day lengthens in the northern and southern hemispheres.

Circannual status epilepticus (SE) patterns in communities near Earth's poles best test the hypothesis that SE susceptibility varies with light exposure because these communities are routinely subject to large changes in annual light exposure, which may result in changes to daily sleep time. We compared northern hemispheric circannual SE occurrence in Kivalliq, Canada (latitude-62.8° N) to southern hemispheric Auckland, New Zealand (latitude-36.

A transposase-derived gene required for human brain development.

DNA transposable elements and transposase-derived genes are present in most living organisms, including vertebrates, but their function is largely unknown. PiggyBac Transposable Element Derived 5 (PGBD5) is an evolutionarily conserved vertebrate DNA transposase-derived gene with retained nuclease activity in human cells. Vertebrate brain development is known to be associated with prominent neuronal cell death and DNA breaks, but their causes and functions are not well understood.

Use of Computed Tomography Angiography to Predict Complications in Tibia Fractures: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis.

Objectives: To assess the ability of computed tomography angiography identified infrapopliteal vascular injury to predict complications in tibia fractures that do not require vascular surgical intervention.

Design: Multicenter retrospective review.

Setting: Six Level I trauma centers.

Local administration of vancomycin powder in orthopaedic fracture surgery: current practice and trends.

Objectives: Surgical site infections in orthopaedic trauma are a significant problem with meaningful patient and health care system-level consequences. Direct application of antibiotics to the surgical field has many potential benefits in reducing surgical site infections. However, to date, the data regarding the local administration of antibiotics have been mixed.

Risk Factors for Early Conversion Total Hip Arthroplasty After Pipkin IV Femoral Head Fracture.

Objectives: To determine risk factors for early conversion total hip arthroplasty (THA) in Pipkin IV femoral head fractures.

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Setting: Two level I trauma centers.

Induced Membrane Technique Is Effective for the Management of Acute Traumatic Bone Loss in Both Diaphyseal and Metaphyseal Lower Extremity Fractures.

Objective: To compare outcomes of Masquelet-induced membrane technique (IMT) in metaphyseal and diaphyseal fractures with acute bone loss.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Four Level 1 Academic Trauma Centers.

Bicondylar tibial plateau fracture dislocations with an intact anterolateral cortical rim: A surgical technique.

A displaced medial tibial plateau fracture with central and lateral impaction, but an intact anterolateral cortical rim, is an uncommon variant of bicondylar tibial plateau fracture that presents a number of challenges. Without a lateral metaphyseal fracture line to work through, it is challenging to address central and lateral impaction. Previously published techniques for addressing this fracture pattern describe an intra-articular osteotomy of the lateral plateau to aid visualization and reduction, or use a posterolateral approach to the proximal tibia with or without an osteotomy of the proximal fibula.

Serotonin-1A receptor, a psychiatric disease risk factor, influences offspring immunity via sex-dependent genetic nurture.

Serotonin-1A receptor (5HT1AR) is highly expressed in corticolimbic regions and its deficit is associated with anxiety and depression. A similar reduction in 5HT1AR heterozygous knockout (Het) mice results in anxiety-like and increased stress-reactivity phenotypes. Here we describe immunological abnormalities in Het females, characterized by an activated state of innate and adaptive immune cells.

Distinct characteristics of microglia from neurogenic and non-neurogenic regions of the human brain in patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The study of microglia isolated from adult human brain tissue provides unique insight into the physiology of these brain immune cells and their role in adult human brain disorders. Reports of microglia in post-mortem adult human brain tissue show regional differences in microglial populations, however, these differences have not been fully explored in living microglia. In this study biopsy tissue was obtained from epileptic patients undergoing surgery and consisted of both cortical areas and neurogenic ventricular and hippocampal (Hp) areas.