Tailoring superstructure units for improved oxygen redox activity in Li-rich layered oxide battery's positive electrodes.

The high-voltage oxygen redox activity of Li-rich layered oxides enables additional capacity beyond conventional transition metal (TM) redox contributions and drives the development of positive electrode active materials in secondary Li-based batteries. However, Li-rich layered oxides often face voltage decay during battery operation. In particular, although Li-rich positive electrode active materials with a high nickel content demonstrate improved voltage stability, they suffer from poor discharge capacity.

Dinuclear Dysprosium Compounds: The Importance of Rigid Bridges.

We report the synthesis, structures and magnetic behaviour of two isostructural dinuclear Dy complexes where the metal ions of a previously reported monomeric building block are connected by a peroxide (O ) or a pair of fluoride (2×F) bridges. The nature of the bridge determines the distance between the metal ion dipoles leading to a dipolar coupling in the peroxido bridged compound of only ca. 70 % of that in the bis-fluorido bridged dimer.

Towards Sustainable Direct Recycling: Unraveling Structural Degradation Induced by Thermal Pretreatment of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes.

As the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) continues to increase, there is a growing focus on recycling these battery wastes. Among the existing recycling methods, direct recycling is considered a promising approach, because it allows waste to be returned directly to production. One crucial step in this process is the pretreatment, which involves separating the active materials from the current collector.

Cycling Stability of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Fe-Ti-Doped LiNi Mn O Cathodes, Graphite Anodes, and the Cathode-Additive Li PO.

This study addresses the improved cycling stability of Li-ion batteries based on Fe-Ti-doped LiNi Mn O (LNMO) high-voltage cathode active material and graphite anodes. By using 1 wt% Li PO as cathode additive, over 90% capacity retention for 1000 charge-discharge cycles and remaining capacities of 109 mAh g are reached in a cell with an areal capacity of 2.3 mAh cm (potential range: 3.

Systematic Study of the Multiple Variables Involved in VAlC Acid-Based Etching Processes, a Key Step in MXene Synthesis.

The realization of the broad range of application of MXenes relies on the successful and reproducible synthesis of quality materials of tailored properties. To date, most MXenes have been produced making use of acid-based etching methods, yet an in-depth understanding of etching processes is lacking. Herein, we have engaged in a comprehensive study of the multiple variables involved in the synthesis of VCT with focus on the properties of etched materials.

Elemental analysis of contemporary dental materials regarding potential beryllium content.

Exposure to beryllium (Be) can lead to lung pathologies, such as chronic beryllium disease (CBD). This occupational illness has been more prevalent among dental technicians compared to the non-exposed population. Although most manufacturers state that dental materials are Be-free, this prevalence raises the question of whether the materials are completely devoid of Be-traces.

Impurities in commercial titanium dental implants - A mass and optical emission spectrometry elemental analysis.

Objective: Titanium (Ti) is considered bioinert and is still regarded as the "gold standard" material for dental implants. However, even 'commercial pure' Ti will contain minor fractions of elemental impurities. Evidence demonstrating the release of Ti ions and particles from 'passive' implant surfaces is increasing and has been attributed to biocorrosion processes which may provoke immunological reactions.

Garnet to hydrogarnet: effect of post synthesis treatment on cation substituted LLZO solid electrolyte and its effect on Li ion conductivity.

We investigated why commercial LiLaZrO (LLZO) with Nb- and Ta substitution shows very low mobility on a local scale, as observed with temperature-dependent NMR techniques, compared to Al and W substituted samples, although impedance spectroscopy on sintered pellets suggests something else: conductivity values do not show a strong dependence on the type of substituting cation. We observed that mechanical treatment of these materials causes a symmetry reduction from garnet to hydrogarnet structure. To understand the impact of this lower symmetric structure in detail and its effect on the Li ion conductivity, neutron powder diffraction and Li NMR were utilized.

Lithium containing layered high entropy oxide structures.

Layered Delafossite-type Li(MMMMM…M)O materials, a new class of high-entropy oxides, were synthesized by nebulized spray pyrolysis and subsequent high-temperature annealing. Various metal species (M = Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Zn, Cr, Ti, Zr, Cu) could be incorporated into this structure type, and in most cases, single-phase oxides were obtained. Delafossite structures are well known and the related materials are used in different fields of application, especially in electrochemical energy storage (e.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Multication Doped Mn Spinel, LiNiCuFeMnO, as 5 V Positive Electrode Material.

The suitability of multication doping to stabilize the disordered 3̅ structure in a spinel is reported here. In this work, LiNiCuFeMnO was synthesized via a sol-gel route at a calcination temperature of 850 °C. LiNiCuFeMnO is evaluated as positive electrode material in a voltage range between 3.

Elemental analysis of commercial zirconia dental implants - Is "metal-free" devoid of metals?

Objectives: The interest in ceramic dental implants made of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) or alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ) has increased in recent years. However, in the light of aging, corrosion, and potential impurities of zirconia ceramics, the material composition of these implants and the associated term "metal-free" is persistently questioned. Thus, the present study aimed to conduct an elemental analysis of commercial zirconia dental implants to specify their elemental composition and to identify contaminants.

Molecular Surface Modification of NCM622 Cathode Material Using Organophosphates for Improved Li-Ion Battery Full-Cells.

Surface coating is a viable strategy for improving the cyclability of Li(NiCo Mn )O (NCM) cathode active materials for lithium-ion battery cells. However, both gaining synthetic control over thickness and accurate characterization of the surface shell, which is typically only a few nm thick, are considerably challenging. Here, we report on a new molecular surface modification route for NCM622 (60% Ni) using organophosphates, specifically tris(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (TNPP) and tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate.

Characterization of Nanoparticle Batch-To-Batch Variability.

A central challenge for the safe design of nanomaterials (NMs) is the inherent variability of NM properties, both as produced and as they interact with and evolve in, their surroundings. This has led to uncertainty in the literature regarding whether the biological and toxicological effects reported for NMs are related to specific NM properties themselves, or rather to the presence of impurities or physical effects such as agglomeration of particles. Thus, there is a strong need for systematic evaluation of the synthesis and processing parameters that lead to potential variability of different NM batches and the reproducible production of commonly utilized NMs.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Heterometallic Extended Architecture Based on a Manganese(II)-Substituted Sandwich-Type Polyoxotungstate.

The reaction of [-P₂WO] with Mn and Dy in an aqueous basic solution led to the isolation of an all inorganic heterometallic aggregate Na(OH₂)[{Dy(H₂O)₆}₂Mn₄P₄WO(H₂O)₂]·17H₂O (). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P 1 ¯ , and consists of a tetranuclear manganese(II)-substituted sandwich-type phosphotungstate [Mn₄(H₂O)₂(P₂WO)₂] (), Na, and Dy cations. Compound exhibits a 1D ladder-like chain structure based on sandwich-type segments and dysprosium cations as linkers, which are further connected into a three-dimensional open framework by sodium cations.

Performance Improvement of V-Fe-Cr-Ti Solid State Hydrogen Storage Materials in Impure Hydrogen Gas.

Two approaches of engineering surface structures of V-Ti-based solid solution hydrogen storage alloys are presented, which enable improved tolerance toward gaseous oxygen (O) impurities in hydrogen (H) gas. Surface modification is achieved through engineering lanthanum (La)- or nickel (Ni)-rich surface layers with enhanced cyclic stability in an H/O mixture. The formation of a Ni-rich surface layer does not improve the cycling stability in H/O mixtures.

Tin Tungstate Nanoparticles: A Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Tumor Therapy.

The nanoparticulate inorganic photosensitizer β-SnWO4 is suggested for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of near-surface tumors via reiterated 5 min blue-light LED illumination. β-SnWO4 nanoparticles are obtained via water-based synthesis and comprise excellent colloidal stability under physiological conditions and high biocompatibility at low material complexity. Antitumor and antimetastatic effects were investigated with a spontaneously metastasizing (4T1 cells) orthotopic breast cancer BALB/c mouse model.

Gas Evolution in LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Graphite Cells Studied In Operando by a Combination of Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry, Neutron Imaging, and Pressure Measurements.

The cycling performance and in operando gas analysis of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)/graphite cells with reasonably high loading, containing a "standard" carbonate-based electrolyte is reported.

Electrolyte Mixtures Based on Ethylene Carbonate and Dimethyl Sulfone for Li-Ion Batteries with Improved Safety Characteristics.

In this study, novel electrolyte mixtures for Li-ion cells are presented with highly improved safety features. The electrolyte formulations are composed of ethylene carbonate/dimethyl sulfone (80:20 wt/wt) as the solvent mixture and LiBF4 , lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)azanide, and lithium bis(oxalato)borate as the conducting salts. Initially, the electrolytes are characterized with regard to their physical properties, their lithium transport properties, and their electrochemical stability.