Basic taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, food propensity and BMI of preadolescent children: How are they related?

Background: Taste sensitivity has been reported to influence children's eating behaviour and contribute to their food preferences and intake. This study aimed to investigate the associations between taste sensitivity, eating behaviour, food frequency and BMI (Body Mass Index) in preadolescents.

Methods: Preadolescents' taste sensitivity was measured by detection threshold of sweetness (sucrose), sourness (citric acid), saltiness (sodium chloride), bitterness (caffeine, quinine), and umami (monosodium glutamate).

Reduction and Growth Inhibition of by Use of Anti-Listerial Nisin, P100 Phages and Buffered Dry Vinegar Fermentates in Standard and Sodium-Reduced Cold-Smoked Salmon.

Cold-smoked salmon are ready-to-eat products that may support the growth of pathogenic during their long shelf-life. Consumption of such contaminated products can cause fatal listeriosis infections. Another challenge and potential risk associated with CS salmon is their high levels of sodium salt.

Decision tree scoring system to guide selection for consumer preference in sweetpotato breeding trials.

Background: Previously, a lexicon and protocol for quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was established for the Uganda sweetpotato breeding program. The implication of QDA scores for priority sensory attributes on consumer preference should be determined to interpret results efficiently and make decisions effectively. The present study aimed to develop a gender-responsive decision tree to obtain an overall sweetpotato eating quality score to facilitate demand-led targeted breeding selection.

Mapping the Kitchen Microbiota in Five European Countries Reveals a Set of Core Bacteria across Countries, Kitchen Surfaces, and Cleaning Utensils.

The residential kitchen is often heavily colonized by microbes originating from different sources, including food and human contact. Although a few studies have reported the bacterial composition in cleaning utensils and surface samples there is limited knowledge of the bacterial diversity across different sample types, households, and countries. As part of a large European study, we have identified the microbiota of 302 samples from cleaning utensils (sponges and cloths), kitchen surfaces (sinks, cutting boards, countertops, tap handles, and a pooled sample of other handles) in 74 households across 5 countries (France, Hungary, Norway, Portugal, and Romania).

Microbial Safety and Sensory Analyses of Cold-Smoked Salmon Produced with Sodium-Reduced Mineral Salts and Organic Acid Salts.

Cold-smoked (CS) salmon contains high levels of sodium salts, and excess dietary sodium intake is associated with an array of health complications. CS salmon may also represent a food safety risk due to possible presence and growth of the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes which may cause fatal human infections. Here we determine how reformulated CS salmon using commercial sodium-reduced salt replacers containing KCl (e.

Analysing microbiome intervention design studies: Comparison of alternative multivariate statistical methods.

The diet plays a major role in shaping gut microbiome composition and function in both humans and animals, and dietary intervention trials are often used to investigate and understand these effects. A plethora of statistical methods for analysing the differential abundance of microbial taxa exists, and new methods are constantly being developed, but there is a lack of benchmarking studies and clear consensus on the best multivariate statistical practices. This makes it hard for a biologist to decide which method to use.

Does Responsiveness to Basic Tastes Influence Preadolescents' Food Liking? Investigating Taste Responsiveness Segment on Bitter-Sour-Sweet and Salty-Umami Model Food Samples.

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between taste responsiveness and food liking in preadolescents. Model food samples of grapefruit juice (GF) and vegetable broth (VB) modified with four additions of sucrose and sodium chloride, respectively, were employed. Intensity perception for sweetness, sourness, and bitterness were measured in GF while saltiness and umami were measured in VB.

High Oxygen Packaging of Atlantic Cod Fillets Inhibits Known Spoilage Organisms, but Sensory Quality Is Not Improved Due to the Growth of .

Improved quality control and prolonged shelf life are important actions in preventing food waste. To get an overview of the bacterial diversity of fillets from live stored mature Atlantic cod, bacterial isolates were identified before and after storage (air and vacuum) and freezing/thawing. Based on the load of dominating bacteria, the effect of different packaging methods and a short freezing/thawing process on prolonged shelf-life was evaluated (total viable counts, bacteriota, sensory attributes, and volatile components).

Investigating the Relationships between Basic Tastes Sensitivities, Fattiness Sensitivity, and Food Liking in 11-Year-Old Children.

This study investigates the relationships between basic tastes and fattiness sensitivity and food liking in 11-year-old children. The basic taste sensitivity of 106 children was measured using different methods, namely detection (DT) and recognition (RT) thresholds, and taste responsiveness. Caffeine and quinine (bitter), sucrose (sweet), citric acid (sour), sodium chloride (salty), and monosodium glutamate (umami) were investigated for DT and RT at five concentrations in water solutions.

Growth Behavior of in a Traditional Norwegian Fermented Fish Product (), and Its Inhibition through Bacteriophage Addition.

may persist in food production environments and cause listeriosis. In Norway, a product of concern is the traditional and popular fermented fish product "", which is made from freshwater salmonid fish by mild-salting and brine maturation at low temperatures for several months. It is eaten without any heat treatment, and , therefore, poses a potential hazard.

Comparison of different clustering methods for investigating individual differences using choice experiments.

Different strategies for investigating individual differences among consumers using choice experiments are compared. The paper is based on a consumer study of iced coffee in Norway. Consumers (n = 102) performed a choice task of twenty different iced coffee profiles varying in coffee type, production origin, calorie content and price following an orthogonal design.

Projective mapping based on choice or preference: An affective approach to projective mapping.

This work explores a new affective approach to projective mapping, based on consumers' choices or preferences. Two sessions, one week apart, were performed with the same consumers, using whole bread as a case study. Overall liking ratings (OL) were gathered in blind conditions and samples were also profiled by a trained panel using generic descriptive analysis.

Influence of consumers' cognitive style on results from projective mapping.

Projective mapping (PM), one of the most holistic product profiling methods in approach, is increasingly being used to uncover consumers' perception of products and packages. Assessors rely on a process of synthesis for evaluating product information, which would determine the relative importance of the perceived characteristics they use for mapping them. Individual differences are expected, as participants are not instructed on the characteristics to consider for evaluating the degree of difference among samples, generating different perceptual spaces.

A novel role for pigment genes in the stress response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

In many vertebrate species visible melanin-based pigmentation patterns correlate with high stress- and disease-resistance, but proximate mechanisms for this trait association remain enigmatic. Here we show that a missense mutation in a classical pigmentation gene, melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R), is strongly associated with distinct differences in steroidogenic melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) mRNA expression between high- (HR) and low-responsive (LR) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). We also show experimentally that cortisol implants increase the expression of agouti signaling protein (ASIP) mRNA in skin, likely explaining the association between HR-traits and reduced skin melanin patterning.

Extrusion of barley and oat influence the fecal microbiota and SCFA profile of growing pigs.

The effect of extrusion of barley and oat on the fecal microbiota and the formation of SCFA was evaluated using growing pigs as model system. The pigs were fed a diet containing either whole grain barley (BU), oat groat (OU), or their respective extruded samples (BE and OE). 454 pyrosequencing showed that the fecal microbiota of growing pigs was affected by both extrusion and grain type.

The effect of excess cobalt on milk fatty acid profiles and transcriptional regulation of SCD, FASN, DGAT1 and DGAT2 in the mammary gland of lactating dairy cows.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of excess cobalt (Co) on gene expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid synthase (FASN), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) of lactating dairy cows in relation to milk fatty acid profile. Seven multiparous cows of the Norwegian Red cattle breed (NRF) had their basal diet supplemented with 1.4 g Co as a 24 g/l solution of Co-acetate per os twice daily for 7 days followed by a 9-day depuration period.

Unveiling an abundant core microbiota in the human adult colon by a phylogroup-independent searching approach.

The potential presence of widespread and stable bacterial core phylogroups in the human colon has promoted considerable attention. Despite major efforts, no such phylogroups have yet been identified. Therefore, using a novel phylogroup- and tree-independent approach, we present a reanalysis of 1,114,722 V2 region and 71,550 near full-length 16S rRNA sequences from a total of 210 human beings, with widespread geographic origin, ethnic background and diet, in addition to a wide range of other mammals.

Caprine CSN1S1 haplotype effect on gene expression and milk composition measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

The Norwegian dairy goat population has a high frequency of a CSN1S1 (alphaS1-casein) haplotype with negative effects on protein and fat content. It is characterized by a single point deletion in exon 12 of CSN1S1, leading to a truncated protein and hence a low content of alphaS1-casein in the milk. This haplotype together with another haplotype with a deletion in exon 9 are called "weak" haplotypes.

Transcript profiling of candidate genes in testis of pigs exhibiting large differences in androstenone levels.

Background: Boar taint is an unpleasant odor and flavor of the meat and occurs in a high proportion of uncastrated male pigs. Androstenone, a steroid produced in testis and acting as a sex pheromone regulating reproductive function in female pigs, is one of the main compounds responsible for boar taint. The primary goal of the present investigation was to determine the differential gene expression of selected candidate genes related to levels of androstenone in pigs.

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for quantitative gene expression analysis of acid responses in Staphylococcus aureus.

Microorganisms are constantly exposed to new and altered growth conditions, and respond by changing gene expression patterns. Several methods for studying gene expression exist. During the last decade, the analysis of microarrays has been one of the most common approaches applied for large scale gene expression studies.

Changes in lipid metabolism associated gene transcripts during porcine adipogenesis.

Pigs are recognised as suitable biomedical models to study obesity and obesity-related diseases; however, little is known about adipose tissue development and adipogenesis in pigs. In this study, the temporal expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism was investigated during porcine adipogenesis and the metabolic fate of exogenously administered palmitic acid (16:0) was examined in differentiating preadipocytes. The expression of genes encoding elongases and desaturases increased simultaneously with those involved in fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis during porcine adipogenesis, and a high biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids was measured prior to storage in differentiating preadipocytes.

Gene expression profiles in liver of pigs with extreme high and low levels of androstenone.

Background: Boar taint is the unpleasant odour and flavour of the meat of uncastrated male pigs that is primarily caused by high levels of androstenone and skatole in adipose tissue. Androstenone is a steroid and its levels are mainly genetically determined. Studies on androstenone metabolism have, however, focused on a limited number of genes.

Differential gene expression of fatty acid binding proteins during porcine adipogenesis.

Four different subtypes of fatty acid binding proteins i.e. liver-type FABP1, heart/muscle-type FABP3, adipocyte-type FABP4 and epithelial/epidermal-type FABP5 are expressed in adipose tissue.

Depot specific differences during adipogenesis of porcine stromal-vascular cells.

Recently a role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ secreting factors involved in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis has emerged. Preadipocytes in different fat depots have distinct adipogenic potential and the metabolic activity differs between mature adipocytes of different depot origins. Here we describe the proliferation and differentiation of stromal-vascular cells derived from subcutaneous and visceral fat depots of adult pigs.