Effects of home range size and burrow fidelity on survival and reproduction in eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) across different environmental contexts.

Survival and reproductive success are greatly influenced by how an individual uses its surrounding environment, which can differ across spatial scales. To better understand the habitat-fitness relationships of animals, it is essential to study space use at multiple spatial scales. Here, we used 13 years of capture-mark-recapture and burrow location data to investigate how two different aspects of space use influence the survival and female reproduction in a wild population of eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) in southern Québec.

Heterogeneous intratumor irradiation: a new partner for immunotherapy.

We recently demonstrated that a heterogeneous tumor irradiation strategy, combining high-dose and low-dose radiotherapy (RT) within the same tumor volume, can synergize with immunotherapy in mice. Our findings indicate that heterogeneous RT doses may promote the spatial diversification of the antitumor immune response. Spatial fractionation of the RT dose has the potential to enhance the therapeutic index of RT/IO combinations, particularly in scenarios where irradiating the entire tumor volume is unfeasible or excessively harmful to the patient.

Discovery of novel cyclopentane carboxylic acids as potent and selective inhibitors of Na1.7.

Discovery efforts leading to the identification of cyclopentane carboxylic acid 31, a potent inhibitor of Na1.7 that showed high selectivity over Na1.5 and exhibited robust analgesic effects in an inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) transgenic mouse assay, are described herein.

Early and adult life environmental effects on reproductive performance in preindustrial women.

Early life environments can have long-lasting effects on adult reproductive performance, but disentangling the influence of early and adult life environments on fitness is challenging, especially for long-lived species. Using a detailed dataset spanning over two centuries, we studied how both early and adult life environments impacted reproductive performance in preindustrial women. Due to a wide geographic range, agricultural production was lower in northern compared to southern parishes, and health conditions were worse in urban than rural parishes.

Sons Shorten Mother's Lifespan in Preindustrial Families with a High Level of Infant Mortality.

AbstractIn dimorphic vertebrates where males are larger than females, the energetic costs of producing and rearing sons can exceed those of daughters. In humans, differences in maternal energy intake suggest that sons require 10% and 7% more energy than daughters during pregnancy and lactation, respectively. Due to a trade-off between reproduction and somatic maintenance, having sons is expected to have a more pronounced detrimental impact on a mother's lifespan than having daughters.

Collaborative Mentorship: Two Innovative Approaches for New Faculty Success.

Background: Much like the transition from novice to experienced nurse, the transition of an experienced nurse to a nurse faculty member can be difficult and daunting. One way to prepare new nurse faculty is to establish a mentorship program. The Mentor the Mentors project (seasoned faculty) and the Mentorship Academy (new faculty) provided knowledge, tips, and resources to mentors and new nurse faculty to achieve faculty success, satisfaction, and retention.

Nonpersistent Nanoarchitectures Enhance Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in an Immunocompetent Orthotopic Model of HPV+ Head/Neck Carcinoma.

Cisplatin chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the established standard of care for managing locally advanced human papillomavirus-positive head/neck carcinoma. The typically young patients may suffer serious and long-time side effects caused by the treatment, such as dysphagia, and hearing loss. Thus, ensuring a satisfactory post-treatment quality of life is paramount.

Meta-Analysis of Herbicide Non-Target Effects on Pest Natural Enemies.

A critical component of integrated pest management is minimizing disruption of biological control by reducing the use of pesticides with significant non-target effects on natural enemies. Insecticide non-target effects testing for natural enemies has become increasingly common, but research examining the non-target effects of herbicides on natural enemies is scarce, and recommendations regarding herbicide selectivity are non-existent. We used meta-analysis to summarize laboratory bioassays testing non-target effects of herbicides on arthropod natural enemies and identify patterns in taxon susceptibility and active ingredient toxicity.

Effects of the Herbicide Metolachlor and Pond Drying on Growth and Development of Wood Frog Tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus).

Pesticides and climate change are both thought to contribute to the global amphibian decline, yet their combined effects are still poorly understood. Metolachlor is a widespread herbicide applied across North America, but little is known about its effects on amphibians. We used a replicated mesocosm experimental design with different levels of drying (i.

Herbicides Harm Key Orchard Predatory Mites.

The phytoseiid mites and are critical for conservation biological control of pest mites in Washington State, U.S.A.

Updating integrated mite management 50 years later: comparing laboratory pesticide susceptibility of a 'new' generalist predatory mite to a cornerstone specialist predator.

Background: Historically, integrated mite management in Washington apple orchards has focused on conservation of the predatory mite Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) to reduce secondary pest mite pressure. However, pesticide use has changed to include more selective products, coinciding with a shift in the predatory mite community composition to include a new major predator, Amblydromella caudiglans (Schuster). There is evidence that A.

Environmental and individual determinants of burrow-site microhabitat selection, occupancy, and fidelity in eastern chipmunks living in a pulsed-resource ecosystem.

Background: Habitat selection has major consequences on individual fitness, particularly selection for breeding sites such as nests or burrows. Theory predicts that animals will first use optimal habitats or rearrange their distribution by moving to higher-quality habitats whenever possible, for instance when another resident disperses or dies, or when environmental changes occur. External constraints, such as predation risk or resource abundance, and interindividual differences in age, sex and body condition can lead to variation in animals' perception of habitat quality.

Cryo-EM reveals an unprecedented binding site for Na1.7 inhibitors enabling rational design of potent hybrid inhibitors.

The voltage-gated sodium (Na) channel Na1.7 has been identified as a potential novel analgesic target due to its involvement in human pain syndromes. However, clinically available Na channel-blocking drugs are not selective among the nine Na channel subtypes, Na1.

The Feast and the Famine: Spring Body Mass Variations and Life History Traits in a Pulse Resource Ecosystem.

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity is the most immediate mechanism of adaptative response to environmental change. Studying plastic changes in response to fluctuating environments provides insights into how such adjustments may impact life history traits. Here, we used a 14-year data set of repeated body mass measurements in male eastern chipmunks () to assess the extent of plastic changes for this trait in a resource pulse ecosystem.

Effects of a Neonicotinoid Insecticide and Population Density on Behavior and Development of Wood Frogs (Rana sylvatica).

Amphibians have been facing global declines over the last decades from direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic activities. A contributor to declines is waterway contamination from agricultural runoffs of pesticides such as neonicotinoids. Beyond direct and indirect effects of the pesticide, few studies have investigated the possible interactions between neonicotinoids and natural environmental stressors across larval development, which could alter the strength and direction of observed neonicotinoid effects.

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Marcel Hénaff's work (1942-2018) can be considered as a nuanced interpretation of modern western societies. The fact that it addresses a wide range of topics tends to mask the articulated thought it bears - in that matter, (2010) is the best example. His thought took this particular form in part because of its genealogical stance, which is informed by social and cultural anthropology, phenomenology and, in some ways Christian theology.

Telomere length positively correlates with pace-of-life in a sex- and cohort-specific way and elongates with age in a wild mammal.

Understanding ageing and the diversity of life histories is a cornerstone in biology. Telomeres, the protecting caps of chromosomes, are thought to be involved in ageing, cancer risks and life-history strategies. They shorten with cell division and age in somatic tissues of most species, possibly limiting lifespan.

Nontarget Impacts of Herbicides on Spiders in Orchards.

Spiders are key predators in many agroecosystems, including orchards. Despite the importance of spiders in biological control, pesticide nontarget effects on this group are poorly described. This is especially true for herbicides, which spiders frequently encounter as they move between the ground cover and tree canopy.

Spider mite resistance to miticides in South Carolina strawberry and implications for improved integrated pest management.

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), twospotted spider mite, is a major secondary pest of strawberry and can cause significant yield loss. Tetranychus urticae is typically controlled using miticides, which has led to rapid resistance development. In South Carolina (USA), extension agents and growers have reported field failures of miticides (inadequate pest suppression), but resistance has not been quantitatively determined.

Indirect genetic and environmental effects on behaviors, morphology, and life-history traits in a wild Eastern chipmunk population.

Additive genetic variance in a trait reflects its potential to respond to selection, which is key for adaptive evolution in the wild. Social interactions contribute to this genetic variation through indirect genetic effects-the effect of an individual's genotype on the expression of a trait in a conspecific. However, our understanding of the evolutionary importance of indirect genetic effects in the wild and of their strength relative to direct genetic effects is limited.

Integrating humans into pace-of-life studies: The Big Five personality traits and metabolic rate in young adults.

The pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) predicts that personality and metabolism should be correlated if they function as an integrated unit along a slow-fast continuum. Over the last decade, this conceptual framework has been tested in several empirical studies over a wide array of non-human animal taxa, across multiple personality traits and using standardized measures of metabolism. However, studies associating metabolic rate and personality in humans have been surprisingly scarce.

Discovery of Acyl-sulfonamide Na1.7 Inhibitors GDC-0276 and GDC-0310.

Na1.7 is an extensively investigated target for pain with a strong genetic link in humans, yet in spite of this effort, it remains challenging to identify efficacious, selective, and safe inhibitors. Here, we disclose the discovery and preclinical profile of GDC-0276 () and GDC-0310 (), selective Na1.

Escape Room Relay Race: "Go for the Gold" in Formative Assessment.

Background: Immersive learning activities, such as escape room educational gaming in nursing simulation laboratories, have proven to be effective teaching strategies that promote communication and teamwork. These activities also provide educators with opportunities to assess clinical skills competencies, as well as providing them with a means for evaluating the transfer of didactic knowledge to clinical practice.

Method: An obstetrical skills relay race with an escape room element was created as a formative evaluation method to determine if nursing students were able to demonstrate competency related to the identified learning needs.

Integrating Mortality Risk and the Adaptiveness of Hibernation.

Low mortality rate is often associated with slow life history, and so far, has mainly been assessed through examinations of specific adaptations and lifestyles that limit mortality risk. However, the organization of activity time budgets also needs to be considered, since some activities and the time afforded for performing them may expose animals to higher mortality risks such as increased predation and/or increased metabolic stress. We examined the extent of activity time budgets contribution to explaining variation in life history traits in mammals.