Reverse Genetics System for Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus.

Reverse genetic systems are powerful tools in molecular virology that allow the generation of infectious recombinant virus and the manipulation of viral genomes. Reverse genetic systems enable the incorporation of reporter genes, facilitating many virological assays, including high-throughput screening. Additionally, reverse genetic systems can be used to introduce targeted mutations into the viral genome, allowing investigations of viral genetic elements and protein functions in virus pathogenesis and biology.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus replicon particle vaccine is safe and elicits functional, non-neutralizing anti-nucleoprotein antibodies and T cell activation in rhesus macaques.

Advancement of vaccine candidates that demonstrate protective efficacy in screening studies necessitates detailed safety and immunogenicity investigations in pre-clinical models. A non-spreading Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) viral replicon particle (VRP) vaccine was developed for single-dose administration to protect against disease. To date, several studies have supported safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the CCHF VRP in multiple highly sensitive murine models of lethal disease, but the VRP had yet to be evaluated in large animals.

Inflammation associated with monocyte/macrophage activation and recruitment corresponds with lethal outcome in a mouse model of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever.

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes human disease ranging from subclinical to a fatal haemorrhagic syndrome. Determinants of CCHF pathogenesis are largely unknown and animal models that recapitulate human disease are limited. A recently described mouse model uses a monoclonal antibody (mAb 5A3) targeting the interferon (IFN) alpha/beta receptor to suppress type I IFN responses, making animals transiently susceptible to infection.

Survey of families' psychosocial needs in the context of pediatric cancer: a first step toward the participatory development of a group intervention.

Background: Pediatric cancer is associated with stressors that increase the risk for distress across family members. Psychosocial support varies and may not meet family needs and preferences. This study investigated family members' points of view regarding psychosocial service needs, as a first step of a large participative research project aiming to develop interventions grounded in key stakeholders' perspectives.

Behavioral and neural correlates of diverse conditioned fear responses in male and female rats.

Pavlovian fear conditioning is a widely used tool that models associative learning in rodents. For decades the field has used predominantly male rodents and focused on a sole conditioned fear response: freezing. However, recent work from our lab and others has identified darting as a female-biased conditioned response, characterized by an escape-like movement across a fear conditioning chamber.

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein and GP38 subunit vaccine combination prevents morbidity in mice.

Immunizing mice with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein precursor (GPC), or with the GP38 domain of GPC, can be protective when the proteins are delivered with viral vectors or as a DNA or RNA vaccine. Subunit vaccines are a safe and cost-effective alternative to some vaccine platforms, but Gc and Gn glycoprotein subunit vaccines for CCHFV fail to protect despite eliciting high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses and the protective efficacy of recombinant NP, GP38, and GP38 forms (GP85 and GP160) associated with the highly glycosylated mucin-like (MLD) domain, as well as the NP + GP38 combination.

Rare etiology of colonic intussusception involving an adult with emphysematous cystic enteropathy: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI), characterized by a collection of gas-filled cysts in the intestinal wall, is an uncommon but well-known condition in gastroenterology. Abdominal pain is the most frequent symptom associated with PCI. Intussusception represents a potential cause of recurrent abdominal pain or emergency presentation.

Community Health Navigators for Cancer Screening Among Deaf, Deafblind, and Hard of Hearing Adults Who Use American Sign Language.

Deaf, deafblind, and hard of hearing (DDBHH) individuals experience barriers to accessing cancer screening, including ineffective patient-physician communication when discussing screening recommendations. For other underserved communities, culturally and linguistically aligned community health navigators (CHNs) have been shown to improve cancer screening and care. A needs assessment study was conducted to identify barriers and gather recommendations for CHN training resources.

Nucleocapsid protein-specific monoclonal antibodies protect mice against Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a WHO priority pathogen. Antibody-based medical countermeasures offer an important strategy to mitigate severe disease caused by CCHFV. Most efforts have focused on targeting the viral glycoproteins.

Characterization of Humoral Responses to Nipah Virus Infection in the Syrian Hamster Model of Disease.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus. The Syrian hamster model recapitulates key features of human NiV disease and is a critical tool for evaluating antivirals and vaccines. Here we describe longitudinal humoral immune responses in NiV-infected Syrian hamsters.

Evidence-based management of optic neuritis.

Purpose Of Review: Optic neuritis can result from several distinct causes, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD), when not idiopathic. This review discusses evidence-based treatment approaches contingent upon each specific cause of optic neuritis.

Recent Findings: Current evidence highlights the need for prompt plasmapheresis as adjunct to intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in patients with NMOSD-associated optic neuritis.

Recombinant Sudan virus and evaluation of humoral cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after infection or rVSV-ΔG-ZEBOV-GP vaccination.

Ebola disease outbreaks are major public health events because of human-to-human transmission and high mortality. These outbreaks are most often caused by Ebola virus, but at least three related viruses can also cause the disease. In 2022, Sudan virus re-emerged causing more than 160 confirmed and probable cases.

Cholecystectomy following endoscopic clearance of common bile duct during the same admission.

Background: The recurrence of common bile duct stones and other biliary events after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is frequent. Despite recommendations for early cholecystectomy, intervention during the same admission is carried out inconsistently.

Methods: We reviewed the records of patients who underwent ERCP for gallstone disease and common bile duct clearance followed by cholecystectomy between July 2012 and June 2022.

Delay for cholecystectomy after common bile duct clearance with ERCP is just running after recurrent biliary event.

Background: Gallstone disease will affect 15% of the adult population with concomitant common bile duct stone (CBDS) occurring in up to 30%. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the mainstay of management for removal of CBDS, as cholecystectomy for the prevention of recurrent biliary event (RBE). RBE occurs in up to 47% if cholecystectomy is not done.

Vaccination with the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus viral replicon vaccine induces NP-based T-cell activation and antibodies possessing Fc-mediated effector functions.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV; family ) is a tick-borne pathogen that frequently causes lethal disease in humans. CCHFV has a wide geographic distribution, and cases have been reported in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Availability of a safe and efficacious vaccine is critical for restricting outbreaks and preventing disease in endemic countries.

Corrigendum: Editorial: Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants: genomic variations, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical impact and interventions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.

Development of a neutralization assay using a vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Nipah virus glycoprotein and a fluorescent protein.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic paramyxovirus with a high case fatality rate. Due to its high pathogenicity, pandemic potential, and lack of therapeutics or approved vaccines, its study requires biosafety level 4 (BSL4) containment. In this report, we developed a novel neutralization assay for use in biosafety level 2 laboratories.