Pulmonary fibrosis in patients with autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a retrospective nationwide cohort study.

Background: Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (aPAP) is a rare disease that may progress towards pulmonary fibrosis. Data about fibrosis prevalence and risk factors are lacking.

Methods: In this retrospective multicentre nationwide cohort, we included patients newly diagnosed with aPAP between 2008 and 2018 in France and Belgium.

Indications for Transfer and Care Pathways of Inuit Transferred to a Tertiary Centre for Childbirth in Québec, Canada: A Chart Review 2015-2019.

Objectives: Childbirth evacuation, the transfer of patients from rural and remote communities to urban centres for pregnancy care or childbirth, can be associated with numerous adverse health outcomes and contributes to widening health disparities between Inuit and non-Indigenous populations in Québec. We examined the indications and outcomes of childbirth evacuations among Inuit from Nunavik, Northern Québec transferred to a southern tertiary care centre.

Methods: A 5-year retrospective chart review included 677 pregnancies of 597 Inuit with obstetric indications transferred to a tertiary care centre between 2015 and 2019.

[New developments in the diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia].

Community acquired pneumonia is a well-known entity in internal medicine. It represents 1.2 cases per 1000 inhabitants every year, and up to 14 cases per 100 inhabitants in people older than 65 years old.

Greater TIMP-1 protein levels and neointimal formation represent sex-dependent cellular events limiting aortic vessel expansion in female rats.

Fragmentation/loss of the structural protein elastin represents the precipitating event translating to aortic expansion and subsequent aneurysm formation. The present study tested the hypothesis that greater protein expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and neointimal growth secondary to a reduction of medial elastin content represent sex-dependent events limiting aortic vessel expansion in females. TIMP-1 protein levels were higher in the ascending aorta of female versus male patients diagnosed with a bicuspid aortic valve (BAV).

Polypoid endometriosis-An exceptional subtype of endometriosis mimicking an aggressive pelvic cancer.

Polypoid endometriosis is a rare manifestation of endometriosis, which may mimic pelvic cancer. This subtype commonly encountered in post-menopausal women may be wrongly mistaken for a neoplasm on clinical, radiological, perioperative or pathologic assessments leading to inadequate treatment.

Case report: Immune response characterization of a pseudoprogression in a PD-L1-negative, TMB-low, co-mutated metastatic NSCLC.

A patient with a PD-L1-negative, TMB-low, co-mutated metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) experienced a multisite radiological progression at 3 months after initiation of chemoimmunotherapy as first-line treatment for metastatic disease. After the radiological progression, while she was not undergoing treatment, the patient had spontaneous lesions shrinkage and further achieved a prolonged complete response. Genomic and transcriptomic data collected at baseline and at the time of pseudoprogression allowed us to biologically characterize this rare response pattern.

Pitfalls in definitions on respiratory viruses and particularities of Adenovirus infection in hematopoietic cell transplantation patients: Recommendations from the EBMT practice harmonization and guidelines committee.

In 2023, the EBMT Practice harmonization and Guidelines Committee partnered with the EBMT Infection Diseases Working Party (IDWP) to undertake the task of delivering best practice recommendations, aiming to harmonize by expert consensus, the already existing definitions and future epidemiological and clinical studies among centers of the EBMT network. To attain this objective, a group of experts in the field was convened. The workgroup identified and discussed some critical aspects in definitions of community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARV) and adenovirus (ADV) infections in recipient of hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT).

Three-dimensional Heisenberg model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction: A Monte Carlo study.

The three-dimensional classical Heisenberg model on a simple cubic lattice with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interactions between nearest-neighbors in all directions has been studied using Monte Carlo simulations. The Metropolis algorithm, combined with single histogram reweighting techniques and finite-size scaling analyses, has been used to obtain the thermodynamic behavior of the system in the thermodynamic limit. Simulations were performed with the same set of interaction parameters for both shifted boundary conditions (SBC) and fluctuating boundary conditions (FBC).

Diagnosis of Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome in Children: Time for a Rethink?

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is undertaken in children with the aim of curing a range of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Unfortunately, pulmonary complications, especially bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), are significant sources of morbidity and mortality post-HSCT. Currently, criteria developed by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) working group are used to diagnose BOS in children post-HSCT.

HER2-Low Luminal Breast Carcinoma Is Not a Homogenous Clinicopathological and Molecular Entity.

Background: With the development of some new antibody-drug conjugates, the HER2 classification of breast carcinomas now includes the HER2-low (H2L) category: IHC 1+, 2+ non-amplified by ISH, and double-equivocal carcinomas, mostly luminal, expressing hormone receptors (HR+).

Methods: We analyzed mutational status and transcriptomic activities of three HER2 effector pathways: PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and JAK-STAT, in association with clinicopathologic features, in 62 H2L carcinomas compared to 43 HER2-positive and 20 HER2-negative carcinomas, all HR+.

Results: H2L carcinomas had significantly lower histoprognostic grades and mitotic and Ki67 proliferation indexes than HER2-positive carcinomas.

Detection of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome after Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

Many children undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant conditions. Unfortunately, pulmonary complications occur frequently post-HSCT, with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) being the most common noninfectious pulmonary complication. Current international guidelines contain conflicting recommendations regarding post-HSCT surveillance for BOS, and a recent NIH workshop highlighted the need for a standardized approach to post-HSCT monitoring.

The gut microbiome-prostate cancer crosstalk is modulated by dietary polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids.

The gut microbiota modulates response to hormonal treatments in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, but whether it influences PCa progression remains unknown. Here, we show a reduction in fecal microbiota alpha-diversity correlating with increase tumour burden in two distinct groups of hormonotherapy naïve PCa patients and three murine PCa models. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from patients with high PCa volume is sufficient to stimulate the growth of mouse PCa revealing the existence of a gut microbiome-cancer crosstalk.

ERS/EBMT clinical practice guidelines on treatment of pulmonary chronic graft--host disease in adults.

Chronic graft--host disease (cGvHD) is a common complication after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, characterised by a broad disease spectrum that can affect virtually any organ. Although pulmonary cGvHD is a less common manifestation, it is of great concern due to its severity and poor prognosis. Optimal management of patients with pulmonary cGvHD is complicated and no standardised approach is available.