Calf Muscle Oxygenation is Impaired and May Decline with Age in Young Patients with Total Cavopulmonary Connection.

Patients palliated with Total Cavopulmonary Connection have a lower muscle mass and a lower exercise capacity. We assessed calf muscle oxidative metabolism during and after heel raise exercise to exhaustion in young patients with TCPC compared to healthy peers. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used for measuring oxygen metabolism in the medial portion of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Effects of the Conceptual Model of Health Literacy as a Risk: A Randomised Controlled Trial in a Clinical Dental Context.

Numerous conceptual models of health literacy have been proposed in the literature, but very few have been empirically validated in clinical contexts. The aim of this study was to test the effects of the conceptual model of health literacy as a risk in a clinical dental context. A convenience sample of 133 Norwegian-speaking adults was recruited.

Exploring the association between oral health literacy and alexithymia.

Unlabelled: Low health literacy and alexithymia have separately been emphasized as barriers to patient-practitioner communication, but the association between the two concepts has not been explored.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that low oral health literacy and alexithymia are associated.

Method: Adults (n=127) aged 21-80 years (56% women) participated in this cross-sectional study.

Dimensionality of stress experiences: Factorial structure of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) in a population-based Swedish sample.

We investigated the factorial structure of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ-recent; Levenstein, Prantera, Varvo et al., 1993) in a large (N = 1516; 35-95 years) population-based Swedish sample (Nilsson, Adolfsson, Bäckman et al., 2004; Nilsson, Bäckman, Erngrund et al.

Development and validation of an instrument to assess oral health literacy in Norwegian adult dental patients.

Objective: To develop and validate an interview instrument to assess oral health literacy in Norwegian adult dental patients.

Materials And Methods: The instrument, Adult Health Literacy Instrument for Dentistry (AHLID), was based on an OECD instrument used to assess general literacy in adults. One hundred and thirty Norwegian adults (mean age = 48 years; 57% women) participated.

Internet treatment addressing either insomnia or depression, for patients with both diagnoses: a randomized trial.

Study Objectives: To compare treatment effects when patients with insomnia and depression receive treatment for either insomnia or depression.

Design: A 9-w randomized controlled trial with 6- and 12-mo follow-up.

Setting: Internet Psychiatry Clinic, Stockholm, Sweden.

Relationship between natural teeth and memory in a healthy elderly population.

The relationship between mastication and cognitive function remains unclear, but both animal and experimental human studies suggest a possible causal relationship. In the present study it was hypothesized that natural teeth are of importance for hippocampus-based cognitive processes, such as episodic long-term memory. A population-based sample of 273 participants (55-80 yr of age; 145 women) was investigated in a cross-sectional study.

Evaluation of a dental outreach teaching programme.

Dental health care is largely based on primary care. It is therefore logical to train students in external dental clinics in addition to university facilities. Consequently, the new dental curriculum at The University of Tromsø in Northern Norway has implemented outreach teaching and training as an extensive part of their curriculum.

Oral health care and dental treatment needs in the Barents region.

Objectives: The first aim was to study how oral health care delivery was organized in member countries and to determine whether there were differences across the Barents region. The second aim was to assess the performance of the care provision systems. The Barents region is one of the largest hinterlands in northern Europe.

Cognitive status in persons with amalgam-related complaints.

Self-reported cognitive symptoms are frequent in persons with amalgam-related complaints, but few studies have focused on their cognitive function. The aim was to examine a symptom profile and whether participants with amalgam-related complaints have cognitive deficits in comparison with control individuals. We drew 342 participants with amalgam-related complaints and 342 one-to-one matched control individuals from a longitudinal population-based study.

Stressful negative life events and amalgam-related complaints.

Objectives: The role of stressful life events in the onset of self-reported amalgam-related complaints is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between life events and amalgam-related complaints.

Method: The participants were selected from a longitudinal population-based study.

A patient-centred approach to teaching and learning in dental student clinical practice.

A patient-centred clinical teaching profile in the undergraduate dental curriculum at The University of Tromsø is described. This teaching profile implies that treatment planning is primarily based on the patients' perceived needs and the students are trained to retrieve information from the patients in this context. The role of the clinical instructor is primarily as a facilitator rather than an expert.

Prevalence of hyposalivation in relation to general health, body mass index and remaining teeth in different age groups of adults.

Objectives: Several studies have been conducted on the prevalence of hyposalivation in older adults but no population-based studies in younger adults. Therefore, our aims were to determine the prevalence of very low and low unstimulated (UWSFR) and stimulated (SWSFR) whole salivary flow rates in different age groups between 20 and 69 years, and to analyse the relationship between hyposalivation, subjective oral dryness and predictors of reduced flow rate.

Methods: A randomized and stratified cross-sectional study including 1427 dental patients was conducted.

Difference in apolipoprotein E type 4 allele (APOE epsilon 4) among dentate and edentulous subjects.

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of apolipoprotein (APOE) alleles and determine whether APOE type 4 allele (epsilon 4) was associated with edentulousness even when certain factors were controlled.

Background: The APOE are important in lipid homeostasis, and APOE epsilon 4 has been found in many diseases and to have a negative impact on longevity. Tooth loss is more common in ill aged subjects with low income and education.

Natural teeth and cognitive function in humans.

A number of neurobiological, psychological and social factors may account for cognitive impairment. In animal studies a relation between dental status and cognitive performance has been found. It is unclear whether such a relation exists for humans.

Wittig reactions in water media employing stabilized ylides with aldehydes. Synthesis of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters from mixing aldehydes, alpha-bromoesters, and Ph3P in aqueous NaHCO3.

Water is demonstrated to be an effective medium for the Wittig reaction over a wide range of stabilized ylides and aldehydes. Despite sometimes poor solubility of the reactants, good chemical yields normally ranging from 80 to 98% and high E-selectivities (up to 99%) are achieved, and the rate of the reactions in water is unexpectedly accelerated. The efficiency of water as a medium in the Wittig reaction is compared to conventional organic solvents ranging from carbon tetrachloride to methanol.

Buffering effect of a prophylactic gel on dental plaque in institutionalised elderly.

Objectives: The effect of multiple daily applications of a prophylactic gel, with buffering substances, on plaque acidogenicity in elderly institutionalised individuals was evaluated.

Background: Many elderly suffer from reduced salivary flow, poor oral hygiene and increased levels of cariogenic bacteria and are considered to be at an increased risk for coronal and root caries. Reinforcing the buffering capacity of dental plaque by the addition of substances such as bicarbonate and phosphates may decrease their caries activity.

The conformation of acetylated virginiamycin M1 and virginiamycin M1 in explicit solvents.

The three-dimensional structure of acetylated virginiamycin M(1) (acetylated VM1) in chloroform and in a water/acetonitrile mixture (83:17 v/v) have been established through 2D high resolution NMR experiments and molecular dynamics modeling and the results compared with the conformation of the antibiotic VM1 in the same and other solvents. The results indicated that acetylation of the C-14 OH group of VM1 caused it to rotate about 90 degrees from the position it assumed in non-acetylated VM1. The conformation of both VM1 and acetylated VM1 appear to flatten in moving from a nonpolar to polar solvent.

Buffering effect of a prophylactic gel on dental plaque.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a new prophylactic gel on plaque pH and plaque fluoride concentration. Twelve participants with normal (n=6, >or=0.7 ml/min) and low (n=6, <0.

Psychological health in patients with genital and oral erosive lichen planus.

Background: Erosive lichen planus is a severe, recurrent and recalcitrant disease that affects several mucosal areas, mostly the genital area and the mouth, but also, for example, the oesophagus and perianal area. The disease causes serious symptoms, because of the raw, de-epithelialized mucosa and healing with scars/adhesions, which affect the patient's life in many ways. It causes, for example, difficulties in eating, drinking and going to the bathroom.

Psychobiological personality dimensions in two environmental-illness patient groups.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychobiological personality dimensions in two subgroups of patients with environmental illness (EI). Fifty-nine patients, 34 women and 25 men (aged 32-69 years), were referred for symptoms allegedly caused by abnormal sensitivity to either dental fillings (DF; n=26) or electromagnetic fields (EMF; n=33). For the evaluation of personality, the Swedish 238-item version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was used.

The conformational flexibility of the antibiotic virginiamycin M(1).

The antibiotic virginiamycin is a combination of two molecules, virginiamycin M(1) (VM1) and virginiamycin S(1) (VS1) or analogues, which function synergistically by binding to bacterial ribosomes and inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. Both VM1 and VS1 dissolve poorly in water and are soluble in more hydrophobic solvents. We have recently reported that the 3D conformation of VM1 in CDCl(3) solution differs markedly from the conformation bound to a VM1 binding enzyme and to 50S ribosomes as found by X-ray crystallographic studies.

Conjugate additions of a simple monosilylcopper reagent with use of the CuI.DMS complex: stereoselectivities and a dramatic impact by DMS.

Conjugate additions utilizing the simple monosilylcuprate reagent Li[PhMe2SiCuI] to alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are described. The presence of dimethyl sulfide (DMS), either as a component originating from the (CuI)4(DMS)3 complex or as a solvent added, has an amazing influence on both chemical yield and the level of diastereomeric ratio (dr) of the products. Gilman-type silylcyanocuprates {Li(Ph2MeSi)2Cu/LiCN} have previously been used to guarantee good results in conjugate addition reactions.

Metronidazole for the prevention of dry socket after removal of partially impacted mandibular third molar: a randomised controlled trial.

We randomised 119 patients who had been referred for removal of partially impacted mandibular third molars to be given either metronidazole 1600 mg or placebo as a single dose 45 min before operation. Ten of the fifty-nine patients who were given metronidazole and 13 of the 60 given placebo developed dry sockets. Two variables were significantly associated with the development of a dry socket: pericoronitis and oral contraceptives.