The nature of an ultra-faint galaxy in the cosmic dark ages seen with JWST.

In the first billion years after the Big Bang, sources of ultraviolet (UV) photons are believed to have ionized intergalactic hydrogen, rendering the Universe transparent to UV radiation. Galaxies brighter than the characteristic luminosity L* (refs. ) do not provide enough ionizing photons to drive this cosmic reionization.

[The Regional Registry of Sudden Cardiac Death of Friuli Venezia Giulia. Protocols, best practices and results of a multidisciplinary project].

With the regional law n. 26 of December 30, 2020, the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region wanted to promote the establishment of the Regional Register of Sudden Cardiac Death, with the aim of favoring the study of all those deaths that occurred suddenly and unexpectedly under the age of 50 years in which it is not possible to trace the cause of death with certainty. Such dramatic events, difficult to quantify considering the complexity of data collection, are often accepted with resignation without any further investigation of the possible causes.

An excess of small-scale gravitational lenses observed in galaxy clusters.

Cold dark matter (CDM) constitutes most of the matter in the Universe. The interplay between dark and luminous matter in dense cosmic environments, such as galaxy clusters, is studied theoretically using cosmological simulations. Observations of gravitational lensing are used to characterize the properties of substructures-the small-scale distribution of dark matter-in clusters.

[Cardiological counseling and perioperative management of heart disease patients. Protocol of the University of Trieste - Year 2019].

The management of patients with heart disease or suspected heart disease, who are hospitalized and/or who should undergo surgery or an invasive procedure, is very complex for the comorbidities often present, the multiple therapies taken and the frequent presence of advanced cardiac devices.The purpose of this document is to provide indications and standardize the behavior of different clinicians in the management of heart disease patients or those with suspected heart disease in order (i) to manage acute cardiac conditions with appropriate timing and accuracy, and (ii) to define the cardiovascular risk in the individual patient with appropriate timing and indications, allowing patients to face any surgery or invasive procedure with the lowest risk correlated to his heart disease.

A new amido-phosphine of dichloroacetic acid as an active ligand for metals of pharmaceutical interest. Synthesis, characterization and tests of antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity.

We herein describe the synthesis and characterization of the new amido-phosphinic ligand 3,7‑bis(dichloroacetyl)‑1,3,7‑triaza‑5‑phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DCP), a derivative of dichloroacetic acid (DCA), whose ability to reverse the suppressed mitochondrial apoptosis in cancer cells is known.

Intraoperative monitoring of marginal mandibular nerve during neck dissection.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of intraoperative nerve integrity monitoring (NIM) to prevent marginal mandibular nerve injuries during neck dissection.

Methods: This prospective study compared 36 patients undergoing NIM-assisted neck dissection from July 2014 to March 2015 to a cohort of 35 patients subjected to neck dissection over an identical period of time before the technique was introduced. We also assessed possible correlations between marginal mandibular nerve injuries and other factors, such as anthropometric measurements, presence of clinical neck metastases, type of neck dissection, and site of primary tumor.

Solid lipid nanoparticles for the delivery of 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) platinum (II) carboxylates.

The use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) is a promising route for the delivery of platinum complexes aimed to anticancer activity. This paper describes the production and characterization of SLN suitable for the loading of Pt complexes containing the biocompatible phosphine 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA) as neutral ligand. After a screening of several lipidic phases, stearic acid-based SLN were identified as the most appropriate for the purpose.

Bis(dimethylsulfoxide)carbonateplatinum(ii), a new synthon for a low-impact, versatile synthetic route to anticancer Pt carboxylates.

The work describes a new low-impact synthetic route to Pt(ii)-carboxylate complexes, a class of compounds provided with established anticancer activity. The process is based on the ligand substitution on [PtCO3(Me2SO-S)2] (), a new synthon that can be easily prepared in water with high yield, is stable as a solid, and is reactive in solution where all its ligands can be easily replaced. It reacts with acidic O-donors releasing CO2 as the only side-product, whose development also supplies a driving force toward the products.

Lipid-based nanoparticles containing cationic derivatives of PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) as innovative vehicle for Pt complexes: Production, characterization and in vitro studies.

The aliphatic phosphine PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) is a promising ligand for metal complexes designed and developed as innovative inorganic drugs. In the present paper, an N-alkylated derivative of PTA, (PTAC16H33)X (X=I, C1, or X=PF6, C2) and its platinum coordination complex cis-[PtCl2(PTAC16H33)2](PF6)2, C3, were considered as components of cationic lipid nanoparticles (CLNs). Particularly, CLN1, CLN2 and CLN3 were obtained by adding derivatives C1, C2 or C3 during nanoparticles preparation, while CLN2-Pt were obtained by treating preformed CLN2 with Pt(II).

Prospective evaluation of the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation score and an extended clinicopathological profile in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic value of the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLE) score and relevant clinicopathological markers in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital.

Prognostic factors for survival in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism treated with trilostane.

Pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH) is one of the most frequent endocrinopathies in dogs, but prognostic factors are largely unknown. The aim of this retrospective case series study was to determine the prognostic value of different clinical and clinicopathological variables evaluated in dogs newly diagnosed with PDH that were subsequently treated with trilostane. Medical records from one referral centre were evaluated.

Acetylcholine-like and trimethylglycine-like PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) derivatives for the development of innovative Ru- and Pt-based therapeutic agents.

The PTA N-alkyl derivatives (PTAC2H4OCOMe)X (1X: 1a, X = Br; 1b, X = I; 1c, X = PF6; 1d, X = BPh4), (PTACH2COOEt)X (2X: 2a, X = Br; 2b, X = Cl; 2c, X = PF6), and (PTACH2CH2COOEt)X (3X: 3a, X = Br; 3c, X = PF6), presenting all the functional groups of the natural cationic compounds acetylcholine or trimethylglycine combined with a P-donor site suitable for metal ion coordination, were prepared and characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. The X-ray crystal structures of 1d and 2c were determined. Ligands 1c, 2b, and 3c were coordinated to Pt(II) and Ru(II) to give the cationic complexes cis-[PtCl2(L)2]X2 and [RuCpCl(PPh3)(L)]X (L = 1, 2, 3, X = Cl or PF6) designed with a structure targeted for anticancer activity.

Long-chain cationic derivatives of PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) as new components of potential non-viral vectors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of new positively charged solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) to convey nucleic acids. The cationic character of SLN was obtained by adding as cationic molecules two different long-chain cationic phosphines (CP), namely hexadecyl-PTA iodide (CP16) and octadecyl-PTA iodide (CP18). The obtained CP-SLN are characterized by a positive charge on the surface and reproducible dimensions around 220 nm.

Water-soluble Cp ruthenium complex containing 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane and 8-thiotheophylline derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative activity.

The new water-soluble ruthenium(II) mononuclear complexes [RuCp(X)(PTA)(L)] (X = 8-thio-theophyllinate (TTH(-)), L = PTA (1), L = PPh(3) (7)); (X = 8-methylthio-theophyllinate (8-MTT(-)), L = PTA (2), L = PPh(3) (8)), (X = 8-benzylthio-theophyllinate (8-BzTT(-)), L = PTA (3), L = PPh(3) (9)) and binuclear complexes [{RuCp(PTA)(L)}(2)-μ-(Y-κN7,N'7)] (Y = bis(S-8-thiotheophyllinate)methane (MBTT(2-)), L = PTA (4), L = PPh(3) (10)), (Y = 1,2-bis(S-8-thiotheophyllinate)ethane (EBTT(2-)), L = PTA (5), L = PPh(3) (11)), (Y = 1,3-bis(S-8-thiotheophyllinate)propane (PBTT(2-)); L = PTA (6), L = PPh(3) (12)) have been synthesized and characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The single crystal X-ray structure of [RuCp(8-MTT-κS)(PTA)(2)] (2) was also obtained. The antiproliferative activity of the complexes on cisplatin-sensitive T2 and cisplatin-resistant SKOV3 cell lines has been evaluated.

[Indications for cardiology consultation and management of cardiac patients who will undergo surgical or endoscopic procedures: the proposal of the University Hospital of Trieste, Italy].

The number of patients affected by cardiovascular disease admitted to internal medicine and geriatric wards is expanding due to the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the ageing population. This contributes to a growing demand for cardiology consult visits, with requests for perioperative risk stratification for non-cardiac surgery or endoscopy, and general clinical management. This document was jointly drafted by the Cardiology and Anesthesiology departments, medical and surgical departments, and endoscopy services of the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti" in Trieste (Italy).

Synthesis, characterization of strontium-bile acid salts and their bioactivity vs. the anti-osteoporosis drug strontium ranelate.

The strontium salts Sr(cholate)2, (Compound 1), Sr(dehydrocholate)2, (Compound 2) and Sr3(3-dehydrocholanoyliden-L-tartrate)2, (Compound 3) have been prepared and characterized. The potential anti-osteoporotic activity of these compounds was tested on human primary osteoblasts (hOBs) and human primary osteoclasts (hOCs) in comparison with the bioactivity of strontium ranelate, previously registered as drug in the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Our results led to the hypothesis that the tested compounds, particularly Compound 2, may have requirements for modulating skeletal tissue regeneration or at least down regulating the loss of bone mass.

Phosphinic platinum complexes with 8-thiotheophylline derivatives: synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative activity.

The platinum mixed-phosphine complexes (SP-4,2)-[PtCl(8-MTT)(PPh3)(PTA)] (2) and cis-[Pt(8-MTT)2(PPh3)(PTA)] (3) (MTTH2 = 8-(methylthio)theophylline, PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) have been prepared from the precursor cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)(PTA)] (1), which has been fully characterized by X-ray diffraction determination. Antiproliferative activity tests indicated that the presence of one lipophilic PPh3 and one hydrophilic PTA makes 1-3 more active than the analogues bearing two PPh3 or two PTA. The reactivity of cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)2], cis-[PtCl2(PTA)2], and cis-[PtCl2(PPh3)(PTA)] with the bis(thiopurines) bis(S-8-thiotheophylline)methane (MBTTH2), 1,2-bis(S-8-thiotheophylline)ethane (EBTTH2), and 1,3-bis(S-8-thiotheophylline)propane (PBTTH2) has also been investigated.

Effects on erythroid differentiation of platinum(II) complexes of synthetic bile acid derivatives.

In this study, we compared some bile acid derivatives and their platinum(II) complexes with respect to their ability to induce erythroid differentiation of human leukemic K562 cells. The complexes analyzed were cis-[(3-dehydrocholanoyliden-L-tartrate)-diammineplatinum(II)] (compound 1) and cis-[di(dehydrocholanoate)-bis(triphenylphosphine)-platinum(II)] (compound 3), together with their free ligands, respectively, 3-dehydrocholanoyliden-L-tartaric acid (compound 2) and dehydrocholanoic acid (4), and their parent compounds, respectively, cisplatin and cis-[dichloride-bis(triphenylphosphine)-platinum(II)] (5). We found that compound 1 stimulates erythroid differentiation of K562 cells and an increase of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production in erythroid precursor cells isolated from peripheral blood of human subjects.

Prognostic value of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and plasma activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 in lymphoma-affected dogs.

Canine non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is considered to be a good animal model for its human counterpart; nevertheless, comparative data on neo-angiogenesis are completely lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 in lymphoma-affected dogs. Circulating levels of VEGF and both MMP 2 and 9 activities significantly correlate with the WHO sub-stage b prognostic factor; moreover, VEGF at admission have an independent influence on the length of the disease free interval.

Validation of a human immunoturbidimetric assay to measure canine albumin in urine and cerebrospinal fluid.

The aim of this study was to validate an automated immunoturbidimetric assay used to quantify human albumin in urine and to accurately measure canine albumin concentrations in both urine and cerebrospinal fluid. The partial homology existing between human and canine albumin limited the accuracy of the human assays in measuring canine albumin without method modifications. Thus, the assay was modified by calibrating the analyzer with calibrators made in the laboratory containing known concentrations of canine albumin.

Biologically active platinum complexes containing 8-thiotheophylline and 8-(methylthio)theophylline.

Complexes [Pt(mu-N,S-8-TT)(PPh(3))(2)](2) (1), [Pt(mu-S,N-8-TT)(PTA)(2)](2) (2), [Pt(8-TTH)(terpy)]BF(4) (3), cis-[PtCl(8-MTT)(PPh(3))(2)] (4), cis-[Pt(8-MTT)(2)(PPh(3))(2)] (5), cis-[Pt(8-MTT)(8-TTH)(PPh(3))(2)] (6), cis-[PtCl(8-MTT)(PTA)(2)] (7), cis-[Pt(8-MTT)(2)(PTA)(2)] (8), and trans-[Pt(8-MTT)(2)(py)(2)] (9) (8-TTH(2) = 8-thiotheophylline; 8-MTTH = 8-(methylthio)theophylline; PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) are presented and studied by IR and multinuclear ((1)H, (31)P[(1)H]) NMR spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of 4 and 9 has been authenticated by X-ray crystallography. Growth inhibition of the cancer cells T2 and SKOV3 induced by the above new thiopurine platinum complexes has been investigated.

Induction of erythroid differentiation of human K562 cells by cisplatin analogs.

Human leukemic K562 cells can be induced in vitro to erythroid differentiation by a variety of chemical compounds, including hemin, butyric acid, 5-azacytidine, and cytosine arabinoside. Differentiation of K562 cells is associated with an increase in the expression of embryo-fetal globin genes, such as the zeta-, epsilon-, and gamma-globin genes. Therefore, the K562 cell line has been proposed as a very useful in vitro model system for determining the therapeutic potential of new differentiating compounds as well as for studying the molecular mechanism(s) regulating changes in the expression of embryonic and fetal human globin genes.