Coordination Compounds as Antivirals against Neglected Tropical Diseases.

Neglected tropical viral diseases are a burden to social and economic welfare being responsible for higher pathogen-related mortality rates and chronic debilitating patient conditions. Climatic changes have widened up the infectibility ratio of such diseases, with autochthonous transmission in formerly temperate-to-cold environments. The slow-paced development of potential vaccines followed by the inexistence of antiviral drugs for such diseases considerably worsens the situation.

Video Color OCT Angiography for Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization.

Purpose: To investigate the myopic macular neovascularization (mMNV) features on dynamic video color OCT angiography (OCTA) and the diagnostic rate versus the static, 4-segmentations visualization mode.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Fifty-four patients with mMNV.

Three years follow-up of Venetoclax in advanced-stage, relapsed or refractory AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement and t(11;14) with BCL2 expression.

Further line treatment of patients with advanced stage AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement is challenging. Venetoclax is a promising option, especially in t(11;14) and BCL2 expression.In our multicentre observational study, we report the 3-year follow-up of Venetoclax treatment in 9 patients with advanced, relapsed or refractory AL amyloidosis with t(11;14) and BCL-2 expression in > 50% of plasma cells.

Re-emergence of human leishmaniasis in northern Italy, 2004 to 2022: a retrospective analysis.

BackgroundHuman leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease transmitted by sand flies and endemic in the Mediterranean region. In Italy, leishmaniasis is present in the south and the western coastal regions, with an epidemic peak detected in northern Italy in the early 1970s.AimTo examine temporal trends, and demographic, clinical, geographical and environmental features of human leishmaniasis cases recorded by the local health unit (LHU) of Bologna, northern Italy.

Triphenylphosphine gold(I) derivatives promote antiviral effects against the Chikungunya virus.

Herein a systematic series of four [AuLL']n+ n = 0, +1 complexes, where L = 1,3-bis(mesityl)imidazole-2-ylidene (IMes), or triphenylphosphine (PPh3), and L' = chloride, or 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), had their in vitro antiviral activity assessed against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The PPh3 derivatives inhibited viral replication by 99%, whereas the IMes derivatives about 50%. The lipophilicity of the PPh3 derivatives is higher than the IMes-bearing compounds, which can be related to their more prominent antiviral activities.

Investigating the antiproliferative activities of new Cu complexes with pyridine hydrazone derivatives of nalidixic acid.

To further explore the structural features and potential antibacterial and antitumor activities of polynuclear Cu coordination compounds with nalidixic acid (nx) derivatives, new complexes bearing nx hydrazones with N-pyridinyl moieties substituted at positions 2 and 3 (h2py and h3py) were synthesized. Complexes [Cu(CHNO)(CHNO)(HO)]4BF∙HO (1), and [Cu(CHNO)(CHNO)(HO)]4BF∙3HO (%) (2) were synthesized using h2py and h3py with Cu(BF)∙nHO as precursor, whereas the [Cu(CHNO)Cl]∙0.5HO complex (3) was synthesized with h2py and CuCl∙2HO.

Algorithm of the major and minor diagnostic criteria for active myopic choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: To propose an algorithm of the major and minor diagnostic criteria for macular myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV).

Methods: This single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study was based in Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy. Two authors evaluated the clinical and imaging parameters of eyes with high myopia (spherical equivalent of -6D or less) and suspected to have naïve, recurrent, or inactive mCNV.

Repurposing potential of rimantadine hydrochloride and development of a promising platinum(II)-rimantadine metallodrug for the treatment of Chikungunya virus infection.

Most of the patients infected with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) develop chronic manifestations characterized by pain and deformity in joints, impacting their quality of life. The aminoadamantanes, in their turn, have been exploited due to their biological activities, with amantadine and memantine recently described with anti-CHIKV activities. Here we evaluated the antiviral activity of rimantadine hydrochloride (rtdH), a well-known antiviral agent against influenza A, its platinum complex (Pt-rtd), and the precursor cis-[PtCl(dmso)], against CHIKV infection in vitro.

Host preference and Leishmania infantum natural infection of the sand fly Phlebotomus perfiliewi in northern Italy.

The host preference of hematophagous insects is important in determining the cycle of pathogens that they potentially transmit; for example, sand flies are competent vectors of Leishmania parasites. In this work, we evaluated the host preference of sand flies collected in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy in 2018 and 2019 in an area in which Leishmania infantum circulates actively. Out of about 30,000 sampled sand flies, we obtained 252 engorged females, which were processed to identify the sources of blood meals.

Evidence of Common Isolates of in Bovines and Humans in Emilia Romagna Region (Northern Italy).

(group B , GBS) is one of the most important agents of bovine mastitis and causes remarkable direct and indirect economic losses to the livestock sector. Moreover, this species can cause severe human diseases in susceptible individuals. To investigate the zoonotic potential of , 203 sympatric isolates from both humans and cattle, isolated in the same time frame (2018) and in the same geographic area (Emilia Romagna region, Northern Italy), were characterized by molecular capsular typing (MCT), pilus island typing (PI), and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).

A 2-year prospective multicenter study of ultrasound cyclo plasty for glaucoma.

Ultrasound cyclo plasty (UCP) is a recently developed surgical technique for glaucoma allowing a selective and controlled coagulation of the ciliary body. We herein investigated the long-term efficacy and safety of UCP for the treatment of glaucoma. This prospective study included patients with primary and secondary glaucoma.

Memantine hydrochloride: a drug to be repurposed against Chikungunya virus?

Background: Chikungunya fever is an endemic disease caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) to which there is no vaccine or effective antiviral drug treatment so far. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential anti-CHIKV activity of memantine hydrochloride (mtnH), a drug from the class of the aminoadamantanes approved for the treatment of Alzheimer´s disease, as a possible drug to be repurposed to the treatment of Chikungunya fever.

Methods: MtnH antiviral activity against CHIKV was determined by infecting BHK-21 cells with CHIKV-nanoluc, a virus carrying the marker nanoluciferase reporter, in the presence or absence of mtnH at concentrations ranging from 500 to 1.

The Macular Choriocapillaris Flow in Glaucoma and Within-Day Fluctuations: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.

Purpose: To assess quantitatively the choriocapillaris (CC) perfusion area in the macular area of healthy eyes, eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, and eyes with ocular hypertension using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: A consecutive series of healthy individuals and patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension were recruited prospectively in this single-center, cross-sectional study based in Milan, Italy. OCTA was performed in the morning and evening, along with a complete ophthalmologic examination.

Suprachoroidal haemhorrage and vortex vein varix: A potential association.

Purpose: To report on the association between a vortex vein varix and suprachoroidal hemorrhage.

Case Description: A healthy 60 years-old man with high myopia (-10 diopters) was seen because of sudden paracentral metamorphopsias after emesis. Multimodal imaging included Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT), ultrasonography and retinal angiography with fluorescein and indocyanine green.

What is holding back the development of antiviral metallodrugs? A literature overview and implications for SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and future viral outbreaks.

In light of the Covid-19 outbreak, this review brings together historical and current literature efforts towards the development of antiviral metallodrugs. Classical compounds such as CTC-96 and auranofin are discussed in depth, as pillars for future metallodrug development. From the recent literature, both cell-based results and biophysical assays against potential viral biomolecule targets are summarized here.

Antivirals Against Coronaviruses: Candidate Drugs for SARS-CoV-2 Treatment?

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of viruses from the family that can infect humans and animals, causing mild to severe diseases. The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents a global threat, urging the development of new therapeutic strategies. Here we present a selection of relevant compounds that have been described from 2005 until now as having and/or antiviral activities against human and/or animal CoVs.

Diurnal Measurements of Macular Thickness and Vessel Density on OCT Angiography in Healthy Eyes and Those With Ocular Hypertension and Glaucoma.

Precis: Macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and thickness are reduced in eyes with glaucoma and ocular hypertension, but do not change significantly during the day. No relationships with age, intraocular pressure, systemic hypertension, or axial length were found.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diurnal differences in retinal thickness and vessel density (VD) of the macular SCP and deep capillary plexus (DCP) using optical coherence tomography angiography among 3 groups: eyes with glaucoma, eyes with ocular hypertension, and healthy eyes.