The Case of Sean Smith: A Three-Part Interactive Module on Transgender Health for Second-Year Medical Students.

Introduction: While great strides have been made in favor of the LGBT community overall, transgender individuals are still facing many legal challenges and suffer from more marked health issues and disparities compared to other members of the LGBT community. Our multimodal transgender curriculum was designed in accordance with the Kern model to address educational gaps in the area of transgender health.

Methods: This three-part module consists of: (1) a didactic PowerPoint presentation reviewing unique health issues and disparities experienced by transgender patients, (2) a small-group session viewing and analyzing a pair of videos showcasing competent and poor communication between a provider and a transgender patient, and (3) a large-group patient panel featuring members of the transgender community.

The Case of Ty Jackson: An Interactive Module on LGBT Health Employing Introspective Techniques and Video-Based Case Discussion.

Introduction: The Institute of Medicine's 2011 report on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health and the legalization of same-sex marriage are just two of the numerous milestones that have hastened medical schools' efforts to prepare trainees to address the needs of LGBT community members. Early awareness of sexual diversity through self- and peer introspection and video-based education can help trainees build a foundation towards providing affirming care to LGBT patients.

Methods: The Kern model was used to develop, implement, and evaluate an interactive multimodal workshop to provide first-year medical students with a formative introduction to LGBT health.

Blood conservation in the intensive care unit.

Objective: To describe blood conservation strategies for critically ill patients.

Data Sources: By using a predefined strategy, we searched the electronic databases of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Cochrane central register of controlled trials, ACP Journal Club, Database of abstracts of reviews and effects, and HealthSTAR for descriptions and evaluations of strategies of blood conservation among critically ill patients.

Data Summary: A number of blood conservation strategies have been used to prevent or treat anemia among critically ill patients.

Potential of lectin-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-drug conjugates for the treatment of pre-cancerous conditions.

N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-lectin (wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), peanut agglutinin (PNA)) drug conjugates for treatment of the pre-cancerous conditions ulcerative colitis and Barrett's esophagus are being developed. Cell-surface glycoproteins that are altered in disease and development bind lectins. PNA binds alpha-lactose and the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen, a disease- and development-associated glycoprotein.

Biorecognition of HPMA copolymer-lectin conjugates as an indicator of differentiation of cell-surface glycoproteins in development, maturation, and diseases of human and rodent gastrointestinal tissues.

Lectins are proteins that bind glycoproteins; binding patterns are altered with changes in glycoprotein expression accompanying maturation or disease. Binding of two lectins, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA), in human and rodent colon were previously examined. Normal tissue showed intense WGA binding; PNA binding was minimal.

Optimal internship/residency-interview assignments for health care administration student placement.

Interview assignment is an issue of importance to all health care administration programs containing internships and residencies. More generally, many master's and doctoral level educational programs in social work, clinical psychology, and other health fields are faced with the interview assignment problem. We present a linear programming approach, which has been employed at the Baruch College/Mt.

Proteoglycans of human rotator cuff tendons.

Rotator cuff and biceps tendons that appeared grossly normal were procured from adult cadavers without a history of shoulder problems. These tendons were analyzed for the amount and type of glycosaminoglycan, type of proteoglycan, and histology. When compared with the distal/tensional region of biceps tendon, the glycosaminoglycan content of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis tendons was 2.

Mechanism of bile acid facilitation of biliary protoporphyrin excretion in rat liver.

The mechanism(s) by which bile acids increase biliary protoporphyrin excretion was characterized using perfused rat livers. We determined 1) relationships between biliary bile acids, phospholipid, and protoporphyrin, using rapid kinetic analyses; 2) protoporphyrin excretion in livers with defective canalicular multispecific organic anion transport; 3) effects of intracellular vesicular transport inhibition with colchicine and monensin; and 4) the role of luminal bile acids, using retrograde intrabiliary taurocholate injections. Biliary protoporphyrin excretion peaked with phospholipid excretion 14-18 min after loading.

Randomized, placebo-controlled comparison of famotidine 20 mg b.d. or 40 mg b.d. in patients with erosive oesophagitis.

Methods: This US multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study determined the effects of two twice daily oral famotidine regimens on symptom relief and healing of erosive oesophagitis in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Three hundred and eighteen patients were enrolled: 66 received placebo, 125 received famotidine 20 mg b.d.

Restoration of squamous mucosa after ablation of Barrett's esophageal epithelium.

Background: Antireflux therapy has generally failed to induce regression of Barrett's epithelium. It was hypothesized that squamous epithelium could be restored if the columnar tissue was ablated while gastric acid secretion was suppressed.

Methods: Ten white men with Barrett's esophagus received 40 mg of omeprazole daily.

Protoporphyrin overload in unrestrained rats: biochemical and histopathologic characterization of a new model of protoporphyric hepatopathy.

We determined the feasibility of producing protoporphyric hepatopathy in unrestrained rats by infusing protoporphyrin into their portal circulation via chronic indwelling catheters. Sprague-Dawley rats, 200-300 g, received single (8.5-27.

Two doses of omeprazole versus placebo in symptomatic erosive esophagitis: the U.S. Multicenter Study.

Two hundred thirty patients with reflux symptoms and endoscopically proven erosive esophagitis were enrolled from 15 U.S. centers into a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study comparing placebo with omeprazole, 20 or 40 mg given once daily in the morning.

Methamphetamine-induced ischemic colitis.

A 50-year-old woman with acute onset of right lower quadrant pain and hematochezia proved to have segmental ischemic colitis associated with methamphetamine abuse. The diagnosis was established by colonoscopy with biopsy, and abdominal angiography revealed no thrombosis, vasculitis, or vasospasm. The condition resolved within 10 days.

Importance of bile acid structure in amelioration of griseofulvin-induced murine protoporphyric hepatopathy.

This study investigated the effects of bile acid structure on griseofulvin-induced murine hepatopathy and explored the mechanism(s) of cholestasis in this model of protoporphyria. Mice were fed pulverized chow with cholate, chenodeoxycholate, or ursodeoxycholate, with or without griseofulvin. After 1 to 4 weeks, bile flow, bile acid excretion and composition, biliary protoporphyrin excretion, hepatic protoporphyrin contents, liver histology, and griseofulvin plasma concentrations were determined.

Formation of biliary thrombi in protoporphyrin-induced cholestasis in perfused rat liver.

The effect of bile acids on the formation of biliary thrombi in protoporphyrin-induced cholestasis was determined by perfusing isolated rat livers with taurocholate, chenodeoxycholate and ursodeoxycholate with and without protoporphyrin. Protoporphyrin-induced reduction of bile flow was similar in the presence of each bile acid. The cholestasis was greater at high doses (2,000 to 10,885 nmol) than at low doses (1,500 nmol) of protoporphyrin, unrelated to the amount of lactate dehydrogenase released into the perfusate, and it was not altered by increasing bile acid infusions.

Protoporphyrin IX-induced impairment of biliary lipid secretion in the rat.

1. In order to gain information on the effect of protoporphyrin IX on changes in the properties of the canalicular plasma membrane, we studied the release of canalicular membrane constituents, namely phospholipids, cholesterol and 5'-nucleotidase, into bile in anaesthetized rats receiving saline or taurocholate (0.5 mumol min-1 100 g-1 body weight) with or without protoporphyrin IX infusion (10 or 20 micrograms min-1 100 g-1 body weight).

Subject-reported compliance in a chemoprevention trial for familial adenomatous polyposis.

A high level of compliance with an assigned treatment regimen is fundamental to accurate assessment of treatment effectiveness in any clinical trial. If compliance is poor, an effective treatment may be confounded by inadequate delivery of the regimen. Although much research has focused on broad aspects of compliance dealing with clinical therapeutic situations, there was a need for further research dealing specifically with adherence issues in a long-term chemoprevention trial since subject motivation in the latter is likely to differ from that of the former.

Effect of protoporphyrin IX on ursodeoxycholate-induced hypercholeresis in the rat.

1. It is known that the perfusion of rat livers with solutions containing protoporphyrin IX induces a decrease in bile flow which is not due to inhibition of bile acid secretion but rather to decreased electrolyte transport into bile. By contrast, ursodeoxycholate induces hypercholeresis, partly due to a marked stimulation of biliary bicarbonate secretion.

Effect of bile acid hydroxylation on biliary protoporphyrin excretion in rat liver.

The relationships between bile acid structure, protoporphyrin load, and biliary protoporphyrin excretion were studied in rat livers perfused with 0 or 0.7 mumol/min taurocholate and protoporphyrin loads between 350 and 35,525 nmol. Bile acid treatment increased the excretion of extracted protoporphyrin from 0.

Ornithine decarboxylase levels in the rectal mucosa of patients with colonic neoplasia.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in biopsy specimens of normal-appearing rectal mucosa was measured in 15 control patients, 5 patients with colon adenomas, and 11 patients with colon cancer. While women had significantly higher ODC activity than men, ODC activity was increased regardless of gender in the rectal mucosal biopsies of patients with benign or malignant colonic neoplasia compared with those of controls. The positive predictive value of ODC activity for remote colonic neoplasia was 61% for women and 91% for men.

Effect of bile acids on hepatic protoporphyrin metabolism in perfused rat liver.

To determine the effect of bile acids on hepatic protoporphyrin metabolism, balance studies were performed in isolated perfused rat livers. Hepatic protoporphyrin metabolism was found to increase linearly as a function of protoporphyrin dose in livers infused with and without taurocholate (0.7 mumol/min), but their rates differed significantly.

Effect of smoking in a controlled study of ranitidine treatment in gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Smoking has been shown to be a factor in acid peptic disease. A recent U.S.