Publications by authors named "Berends H"

Increasing nutrient supply to dairy calves has well known benefits; however, the effects of milk replacer (MR) composition when supplied in higher amounts are not fully understood, particularly in the first weeks of life. To better understand the metabolism of macronutrient supply in young calves (21 d old), we investigated diurnal patterns of heat production and substrate oxidation in young calves fed MR with an incremental supply of fat, lactose, or protein. Thirty-two groups of 3 mixed-sex Holstein-Friesian newborn calves (3.

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Unlabelled: Medical imaging allows for the visualization of spinal cord compression sites; however, it is impossible to assess the impact of visible stenotic sites on neuronal functioning, which is crucial information to formulate a correct prognosis and install targeted therapy. It is hypothesized that with the transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) technique, neurological impairment can be reliably diagnosed.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of the TES technique to assess neuronal functional integrity in ataxic horses by recording TES-induced muscular evoked potentials (MEPs) in three different muscles and to structurally involve multiple ancillary diagnostic techniques, such as clinical neurological examination, plain radiography (RX) with ratio assessment, contrast myelography, and post-mortem gross and histopathological examination.

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Purpose: This study identifies risk factors for neurophysiological events caused by intraoperative halo-femoral traction (IOHFT) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS).

Methods: Neurophysiological integrity was monitored using motor evoked potentials (MEPs). IONM event was defined as a decreased MEP amplitude of more than 80% of baseline in, at least, one muscle.

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Recently reviewed development objectives and feeding practices in young dairy calves require an adaptation of nutrient recommendations set for milk replacer (MR) composition. Nutrient requirements of calves younger than 21 d of age, and those of calves fed with high levels of MR are insufficiently quantified. The efficiency at which macronutrients are utilized, particularly protein, substantially diminishes with age, and little data exists for the first weeks of life.

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Background: The current surgical treatment for patients diagnosed with progressive and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) consists of the correction of the spinal curvature, followed by posterior spinal fusion (PSF). However, research has uncovered short- and long-term complications of posterior spinal fusion in patients with AIS. Minimally invasive growing rod techniques have successfully been used to treat patients with early-onset scoliosis and neuromuscular scoliosis.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary energy source (fat vs. carbohydrate) in calf milk replacer (MR) on growth performance parameters and feed intake in rearing calves. In a randomized complete block design, 68 Holstein calves [40 females and 28 males; (mean ± SD) body weight (BW): 43.

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During weaning, withdrawal of milk replacer is not directly compensated for by an increase in solid feed intake. Therefore, greater fat inclusion in the starter might mitigate this temporary dietary energy decline. However, fat inclusion in solid feeds may generally limit rumen fermentability and development.

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Reason For Performing Study: So far, only transcranial motor evoked potentials (MEP) of the extensor carpi radialis and tibialis cranialis have been documented for diagnostic evaluation in horses. These allow for differentiating whether lesions are located in either the thoraco-lumbar region or in the cervical myelum and/or brain. Transcranial trapezius MEPs further enable to distinguish between spinal and supraspinal located lesions.

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Compared with Holstein whole milk, commercial milk replacers (MR) for calves deliver relatively high levels of lactose and low levels of fat, and protein levels are rather comparable, resulting in a lower energy density and energy-to-protein ratio of the diet. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of partially exchanging lactose with fat in MR on voluntary feed intake, growth performance, and feeding behavior. Thirty-two male Holstein calves (2.

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The recent trend in the dairy industry towards elevated planes of milk feeding of young calves requires reconsideration of calf milk replacer (CMR) formulations. The fat:lactose ratio in CMR is typically lower than that of whole milk and effects of increasing fat inclusion at the expense of lactose in CMR on nutrient metabolism and gut function of rearing calves are not sufficiently understood. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the effect of increasing replacement of lactose by fat on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and metabolism, and glucose/insulin sensitivity.

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Introduction: Transcranial electrical (TES) and magnetic stimulation (TMS) are both used for assessment of the motor function of the spinal cord in horses. Muscular motor evoked potentials (mMEP) were compared intra-individually for both techniques in five healthy horses. mMEPs were measured twice at increasing stimulation intensity steps over the extensor carpi radialis (ECR), tibialis cranialis (TC), and caninus muscles.

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Introduction: Adhesive surface electrodes are worthwhile to explore in detail as alternative to subcutaneous needle electrodes to assess myogenic evoked potentials (MEP) in human and horses. Extramuscular characteristics of both electrode types and different brands are compared in simultaneous recordings by also considering electrode impedances and background noise under not mechanically secured (not taped) and taped conditions.

Methods: In five ataxic and one non-ataxic horses, transcranial electrical MEPs, myographic activity, and noise were simultaneously recorded from subcutaneous needle (three brands) together with pre-gelled surface electrodes (five brands) on four extremities.

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The effect of replacing lactose with glucose on the gastrointestinal system of young calves at levels above 20% diet inclusion in milk replacer (MR) is not well described. The aim of this study was to determine tolerance to glucose inclusion at the direct expense of lactose on glucose metabolism, health, and growth performance in Holstein male calves. In total, 110 Holstein male dairy calves (16 ± 2.

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The recent trend in the dairy industry toward ad libitum feeding of young calves merits reconsideration of calf milk replacer (CMR) formulations. Additionally, feed intake regulation in young calves provided with ad libitum milk and solid feeds is insufficiently understood. This study was designed to determine the effect of exchanging lactose for fat in CMR on voluntary feed intake and growth performance.

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Current calf milk replacer (CMR) compositions significantly differ from whole milk in their levels of energy, protein, and minerals. Energy source is one of the major differences, as CMR contains high levels of lactose, whereas whole milk contains higher levels of fat. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of partially exchanging lactose for fat on performance, digestibility, and gut permeability in calves fed twice daily on a high feeding plane.

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The objective of this study was to analyze the mammary gland transcriptome to determine how preweaning nutrient supply alters the molecular mechanisms that regulate preweaning mammary development. Holstein heifers were fed via milk replacer (MR) either an elevated level of nutrient intake (ELE; on average, 5.9 ± 0.

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Hypertonic milk replacers are commonly used in animal production systems and their effect on the gastrointestinal system of young animals is insufficiently studied. Total lactose inclusion or its partial replacement with dextrose increases intestinal osmotic pressure, which may compromise gastrointestinal barrier function. In this experiment, we investigated the effect of increased osmolality of calf milk replacer (CMR) on gastrointestinal permeability in 30 Holstein Friesian (n = 17) or crossbred (n = 13) bull calves.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of an extruded high-fat pellet mixed with a conventional pelleted calf starter on energy intake and performance around weaning in calves. To this end, 75 female Holstein newborn calves (41.0 ± 4.

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Performance of dairy cows can be influenced by early life nutrient supply. Adipose tissue is diet sensitive and an important component in that process as it is involved in the regulation of energetic, reproductive and immunological functions. However, it is not clear how early life nutrition alters the molecular regulation of adipose tissue in calves and potentially adult individuals.

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Purpose: In transcranial electrical stimulation, induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs) are influenced by the montage of stimulation electrodes. Differences are to be examined between coronal and sagittal stimulation.

Methods: Forty-five patients with idiopathic scoliosis were included.

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Background: Blood profiles have been used to monitor herd health status, diagnose disorders, and predict the risk of diseases in cattle and calves. Characterizing plasma metabolites in dairy calves could provide further insight into daily metabolic variations and the mechanisms that lead to metabolic diseases. In addition, by understanding physiological ranges of plasma metabolites relative to meal and the time of feeding in healthy animals, veterinarians can accurately diagnose abnormalities with a blood test.

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This study addresses the question of how established organizations develop new business models over time, using a process research approach to trace how four business model innovation trajectories unfold. With organizational learning as analytical lens, we discern two process patterns: "drifting" starts with an emphasis on experiential learning and shifts later to cognitive search; "leaping," in contrast, starts with an emphasis on cognitive search and shifts later to experiential learning. Both drifting and leaping can result in radical business model innovations, while their occurrence depends on whether a new business model takes off from an existing model and when it goes into operation.

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The ruminant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) faces the challenge of protecting the host from luminal contents and pathogens, while supporting the absorption and metabolism of nutrients for growth and maintenance. The GIT of the calf in early life undergoes some of the most rapid microbial and structural changes documented in nature, and these adaptations in GIT function make the young calf susceptible to GIT diseases and disorders. Despite these challenges, the calf's GIT has a certain degree of plasticity and can sense nutrient supply and respond to bioactive ingredients.

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Elevated planes of nutrition in the preweaning period of dairy calf management can increase average daily gain, shorten age at puberty, and increase milk yield. In a previous study, 12 Holstein calves were fed 2 meals/d of 4 or 2 L milk replacer up to 7 wk of age. The objective of the current study was to estimate parameters of abomasal emptying and glucose-insulin dynamics in these calves by fitting a mechanistic model to postprandial appearances of plasma glucose, insulin, and the abomasal emptying marker acetaminophen measured at 4 and 7 wk of age.

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Muscle motor evoked potentials (MEPs) from transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) became a standard technique for monitoring the motor functions of the brain and spinal cord at risk during spinal and brain surgery. However, a wide range of criteria based on the percentage of amplitude decrease is used in practice. A survey of the current literature on clinical outcome parameters reveals a variety of percentages in a range of 30% to 100% (50% to 100% spinal procedures) with no consensus.

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