Pacemaker Malfunction-Review of Permanent Pacemakers and Malfunctions Encountered in the Emergency Department.

Pacemaker malfunction refers to a failure of the pacemaker to perform the desired cardiac pacemaking function. These malfunctions can occur anywhere within the system from the pulse generator and leads to the electrode-myocardium interface. These failures of sensing, capture, and inadequate pacing can have severe hemodynamic consequences, so rapid identification of specific dysfunction is critical to intervention and stabilization.

Hereditary Syndromes of Sudden Cardiac Death.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) describes the unexpected natural death from a cardiac cause within a short time period, generally 1 hour or lesser from the onset of symptoms, often due to a cardiac dysrhythmia. Overall, the most common cause of SCD is coronary artery disease but for patients aged younger than 35 years, the most common cause of SCD is a dysrhythmia in the setting of a structurally normal heart. This article will review the background, diagnosis, and management of the common hereditary channelopathies and cardiomyopathies associated with an increased risk of SCD in patients without ischemic heart disease.

Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of an Open Access, Level-Specific, Core Content Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Residents.

Background: Leaders in graduate medical education must provide robust clinical and didactic experiences to prepare residents for independent practice. Programs traditionally create didactic experiences individually, requiring tremendous resources with variable content exposure and quality.

Objective: We sought to create and implement a free, open access, learner-centric, level-specific, emergency medicine (EM) residency curriculum.

Note: Low temperature calibration of a commercial differential scanning calorimeter.

A method for a direct calibration of temperature for a commercial differential scanning calorimeter is presented. The advantage of this calibration method is that it can be done for any number of selected temperatures and is not dependent on standards of known melting points in the temperature range of interest. The calibration presented in this note is for the temperature range from 91 K to 273 K, the temperature range of interest, but the range can easily be extended.

Nanohertz frequency determination for the gravity probe B high frequency superconducting quantum interference device signal.

In this paper, we present a method to measure the frequency and the frequency change rate of a digital signal. This method consists of three consecutive algorithms: frequency interpolation, phase differencing, and a third algorithm specifically designed and tested by the authors. The succession of these three algorithms allowed a 5 parts in 10(10) resolution in frequency determination.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus survival on artificial turf substrates.

Objective: Artificial turf has been suggested as a risk factor for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). This is an experimental study looking at survival of CA-MRSA on artificial turf.

Methods: MRSA strain USA-300-0114 was grown as either planktonic cells or biofilms in liquid cultures of beef heart infusion broth overnight at 37 °C.

Adenocarcinoma of ileal neobladder 20 years after cystectomy.

We present the case of a 67-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the ileal neobladder 20 years after radical cystoprostatectomy for Stage pT2 transitional bladder cell cancer. A MEDLINE research revealed 9 other cases of the development of a neoplasm in the ileal part of an ileocystoplasty. This observation supports the hypothesis that in an ileal neobladder morphologic and molecular changes can be observed similar to those in the development of colorectal carcinoma.

The pathophysiologic mechanism of cerebellar mutism.

Objective: Cerebellar mutism (CM) is a postoperative complication of mainly pediatric posterior fossa surgery. Multiple theories exist for explaining this phenomenon. We have made an attempt to further understand this entity given a particularly interesting case as it relates to multiple pathophysiologic pathways.

Lymphocyte migration to inflamed lacrimal glands is mediated by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1/alpha(4)beta(1) integrin, peripheral node addressin/l-selectin, and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 adhesion pathways.

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands. The development of the inflammation requires the migration of lymphocytes from the blood into these tissues. This migration involves multistep cascades with binding of lacrimal gland endothelial adhesion molecules to their ligands on circulating lymphocytes.

L11, a unique anti-CD43 monoclonal antibody, inhibits the adoptive transfer of diabetes and pancreatic islet, salivary gland, and lacrimal gland inflammation in NOD/scid mice.

L11 is an anti-murine CD43 monoclonal antibody that blocks the migration of T cells from blood into lymphoid tissues. We used a T-cell-mediated adoptive transfer model to evaluate the ability of L11 to inhibit inflammation and destruction in extranodal tissues in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Splenocytes from diabetic NOD mice were transferred intravenously into NOD/scid mice.

[Attempt at defining a pyelocaliceal system. Application to partial nephrectomy].

A comparative study of the pyelo-caliceal segmentation of the kidney and the arterial intra-parenchymal segmentation has been realised from the analysis of 60 plastic molds of the pyelo-caliceal system from which 42 were also molds of the arterial and venous systems (Fig. 8). These molds were obtained through injection with Rhodopas, then corrosion by hydrochloric acid.

[Surgical methods of cadaver nephrectomy prior to kidney transplantation (author's transl)].

Surgical technique during donor's binephrectomy is one of the most important parameters conditioning early success after kidney transplantation. Experimental studies showed that tractions on the renal pedicle during kidney removal had a detrimental effect upon renal cortical vascularization and subsequent kidney function. Cortical vasoconstriction is equivalent to acute warm ischemia and therefore impedes prolonged kidney preservation.

[The dichotomous distribution of the renal calices].

The analysis of the caliceal cavities of 30 pairs of Kidneys shows a dichotomous distribution of two types: cranio-caudal for the major calices, ventro-dorsal for the minor ones. The dichotomous organization does not result from the initial division of the ureteral bud: but it should depend upon the renal arteries growth commanding a new caliceal pattern during the morphogenesis of the Kidney.

Hemispherical dielectric permittivity cell.

A three-terminal dielectric cell based on a hemispherical design is constructed for low-temperature measurements of dielectric permittivity. The cell has a small sample volume, is geometrically stable, and shows no frequency dependence of capacitance. Measurements on test samples are presented showing both cell constant stability data and the linearity of measured capacitance with dielectric constant.