Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors, with associated brain abnormalities in various regions. This study explores the correlation between neural biomarkers and the response to transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in OCD patients. Using structural MRI data from two tDCS trials involving 55 OCD patients and 28 controls, cortical thickness, and gray matter morphometry was analyzed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci
February 2024
The past 20 years of research on EEG microstates has yielded the hypothesis that the imbalance pattern in the temporal dynamics of microstates C (increased) and D (decreased) is specific to schizophrenia. A similar microstate imbalance has been recently found in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of the present high-density EEG study was to examine whether this pathological microstate pattern is co-specific to schizophrenia and OCD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe dysfunctional patterns of microstates dynamics in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remain uncertain. Using high-density electrical neuroimaging (EEG) at rest, we explored microstates deterioration in OCD and whether abnormal microstates patterns are associated with a dysregulation of the resting-state networks interplay. We used EEG microstates analyses, TESS method for sources reconstruction, and General Linear Models to test for the effect of disease severity on neural responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
March 2022
Background: Perception of treatment need (PTN), a component of clinical insight, is associated to negative addiction treatment outcomes when low. Our hypothesis was that lower PTN was associated with less craving when reported retrospectively, the most common measure of craving in clinical settings.
Objective: To explore the association between PTN and craving among a dataset of subjects with severe substance use disorders.
Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex disorder with 40%-60% of patients' refractory to treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to induce potent and long-lasting effects on cortical excitability. The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of cathodal tDCS over the supplementary motor area (SMA) in treatment-resistant OCD patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: The French Universal Health Cover (CMU) aims to compensate for inequalities between precarious and non-precarious populations, enabling the former to access to free healthcare. These measures rely on the principle that precarious populations' health improves if healthcare is free. We designed a study to examine whether CMU fails to compensate for inequalities in reimbursed drugs prescriptions in precarious populations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLack of insight, i.e., unawareness of one's mental illness, is frequently encountered in psychiatric conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA historical review of the concepts of self-consciousness is presented, highlighting the important role of the (particularly, body perception but also body action), and the in the construction of self-consciousness. More precisely, body perception, especially intermodal sensory perception including kinesthetic perception, is involved in the construction of a sense of self allowing self-other differentiation. Furthermore, the , through very early social and emotional interactions, provides meaning to the infant's perception and contributes to the development of his/her symbolization capacities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAccording to victimization surveys, the percentage of females among child abusers is much higher than 2 or 5% as usually reported in the devoted literature. The under-estimated percentage of child sexual abuses committed by females would result from the dissimulation of sexual acts within nursing care, a gender bias in favor of women among child protection system professionals and low disclosures. Sexual abuses committed by females are often more harmful for children than sexual abuses committed by males.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe review of literature devoted to empathy deficits of sexual offenders shows that they have difficulties in identifying specific emotions in specific situations. Their perspective taking abilities range from weak to normal. Face to their victims suffering, their emotional replication would be inhibited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLooking at our face in a mirror is one of the strongest phenomenological experiences of the Self in which we need to identify the face as reflected in the mirror as belonging to us. Recent behavioral and neuroimaging studies reported that self-face identification not only relies upon visual-mnemonic representation of one's own face but also upon continuous updating and integration of visuo-tactile signals. Therefore, bodily self-consciousness plays a major role in self-face identification, with respect to interplay between unisensory and multisensory processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBurnout is a multidimensional work-related syndrome that is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization-or cynicism-and diminution of personal accomplishment. Burnout particularly affects physicians. In medicine as well as other professions, burnout occurrence depends on personal, developmental-psychodynamic, professional, and environmental factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehavioural and neuroimaging data have recently pointed out that empathy (feeling into someone else) is associated with mental imagery and transformation related to one's and other's visuo-spatial perspectives. Impairments of both empathic and visuo-spatial abilities have been observed in patients with schizophrenia. Especially, it has been suggested that schizophrenics are altered in spontaneously simulating another individual's first-person experience.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHumans usually point at objects to communicate with other persons, although they generally avoid pointing at the other's body. Moreover, patients with heterotopagnosia after left parietal damage cannot point at another person's body parts, although they can point at objects and at their own body parts and although they can grasp the others' body parts. Strikingly, their performance gradually improves for figurative human body targets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubstantial data from the cognitive neurosciences point to the importance of bodily processing for the development of a comprehensive theory of the self. A key aspect of the bodily self is self-location, the experience that the self is localized at a specific position in space within one's bodily borders (embodied self-location). Although the neural mechanisms of self-location have been studied by manipulating the spatial location of one's visual perspective during mental imagery, such experiments were conducted in constrained, explicit, and unecological contexts such as explicit instructions in a prone/seated position, although most human interactions occur spontaneously while standing/walking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResearchers have recently reintroduced the own-body in the center of the social interaction theory. From the discovery of the mirror neurons in the ventral premotor cortex of the monkey's brain, a human embodied model of interindividual relationship based on simulation processes has been advanced, according to which we tend to embody spontaneously the other individuals' behavior when interacting. Although the neurocognitive mechanisms of the embodiment process have started being described, the mechanisms of self-location during embodiment are still less known.
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