Psychosocial and cognitive determinants of 10-year depressive symptom trajectories in patients with cardiovascular disease: The SMART-Medea Study.

Background: Middle-aged and older adults presenting clinically relevant depressive symptoms are often undiagnosed. Understanding the determinants of late-life depressive symptoms could improve prognosis. Further, individuals with manifest cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at an increased risk of depression.

Care Coordination in Primary Care: Views of Clinicians and Clinic Leaders.

Background: Care coordination is an important strategy for addressing patient needs and improving outcomes of care.

Purpose: The Minnesota Care Coordination Effectiveness Study sought to better understand the perspectives and experiences of clinicians/clinic leaders regarding the value, barriers, and facilitators for care coordination in primary care.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 clinic managers, physicians, and advanced practice clinicians.

Fins, feathers, fingers, and finding an explanation for the puzzle of ephemeral rewards.

This article discusses the ephemeral reward task and how it is not always a clear and concise choice. This is demonstrated through some animal studies involving birds and primates. This article also shows that when compared to human studies, that there are positive correlations between the BART and optimal choice in the ephemeral reward task, meaning that those who took more risks also were more inclined to be optimal.

Guatemalan beaded lizards (Helodermatidae: Heloderma charlesbogerti) navigate and follow a scent trail in maze tasks.

Maze studies have provided substantial information about nonhuman cognition, such as insights on navigational strategies, spatial memory, and choice discriminations. This knowledge can aid in how we understand the foraging strategies of many animals, particularly understudied and endangered species, such as the Guatemalan beaded lizard (). These actively foraging lizards rely on chemoreception to locate prey, but it is unknown to what extent they engage in olfaction and vomerolfaction to hunt and navigate their environment.

There's "magic" in comparative cognition.

Among the many important empirical and theoretical contributions in her career Clayton and her colleagues advanced the idea that comparative cognition researchers would benefit from considering the role of magic and the techniques of the magician in some areas of cross-species cognitive study. They provided compelling and exciting studies using the techniques of the magician and demonstrated how those affect nonhuman animals that rely on vision, showing that there are similarities and dissimilarities in how susceptible some nonhuman species are to the magician's effects that typically work so well on human observers.

Data harmonization and federated learning for multi-cohort dementia research using the OMOP common data model: A Netherlands consortium of dementia cohorts case study.

Background: Establishing collaborations between cohort studies has been fundamental for progress in health research. However, such collaborations are hampered by heterogeneous data representations across cohorts and legal constraints to data sharing. The first arises from a lack of consensus in standards of data collection and representation across cohort studies and is usually tackled by applying data harmonization processes.

No evidence of attentional bias toward threatening conspecific and allospecific faces in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] apella) using a dot-probe task.

The ability to quickly perceive and interpret threatening facial expressions from others is critical for successfully maintaining group cohesion in social nonhuman primate species. Rapid detection of threatening or negative stimuli in the environment compared to neutral stimuli, referred to as an attentional bias toward threat, is adaptive in that faster threat detection can lead to greater survival outcomes. However, the evolutionary roots of attentional bias formation toward social threat are not well understood.

On parrots, delay of gratification, executive function, and how sometimes we do the best we can.

Engaging executive functions provides an individual with the means to engage in cognitive control by adjusting to the environment and processing information in a way that leads to optimal outcomes. There are some claims that explicit training on certain executive functioning abilities provides benefits beyond the training tasks, but other studies indicate that this may not be true or may be limited based on age and other factors. This same mixed pattern has been reported with nonhuman species, where training or even experience in one specific area, like inhibition, sometimes leads to positive transfer in new but similar tasks that presumably also require executive functions.

Editorial.

The (JCP) is the flagship APA journal dedicated to understanding psychological processes from a comparative perspective. Traditionally, "comparative" has meant comparison across species. However, "comparative" means more than just assessing as many species as possible or relating species to each other.

Maze runners: monkeys show restricted Arabic numeral summation during computerized two-arm maze performance.

Mazes have been used in many forms to provide compelling results showcasing nonhuman animals' capacities for spatial navigation, planning, and numerical competence. The current study presented computerized two-arm mazes to four rhesus macaques. Using these mazes, we assessed whether the monkeys could maximize rewards by overcoming mild delays in gratification and sum the values of Arabic numerals.

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) with better task-based delay of gratification skills are rated as less impulsive, more agreeable, and smarter.

Delay of gratification and inhibitory control are generally considered measures of self-control. In humans, individual differences in measures of self-control are associated with a host of behavioral, neurological, cognitive, and health-related outcomes. Self-control is not unique to humans and has been demonstrated in a variety of nonhuman species using a variety of paradigms.

Editorial Commentary: Osteochondral Allograft of the Knee-Diffuse Edema at 6 Months on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Failure.

Cartilage defects alter natural function of articular cartilage and can predispose patients to further cartilage wear and eventual osteoarthritis. These injuries present a challenging problem with a multitude of treatment options and lack of consensus on when to employ each. Options include conservative measures (limited weightbearing and immobilization), debridement, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, and osteochondral autograft and allograft.

Microvascular Dysfunction and Whole-Brain White Matter Connectivity: The Maastricht Study.

Background: Microvascular dysfunction is involved in the development of various cerebral disorders. It may contribute to these disorders by disrupting white matter tracts and altering brain connectivity, but evidence is scarce. We investigated the association between multiple biomarkers of microvascular function and whole-brain white matter connectivity.

Patient Experiences and Perceptions of Care Coordination in Primary Care.

Background: Understanding patient perceptions of care coordination in primary care can help improve responsiveness to patients' needs, outcomes, and quality of care.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore patient experiences and perceptions of care coordination in primary care.

Method: Interviews with 13 patients from 10 clinics were conducted and analyzed using directed content analysis.

Habitual prospective memory in preschool children.

Habitual prospective memory (PM) refers to situations in which individuals have to remember to perform a future task on a regular and frequent basis. Habitual PM tasks are ubiquitous and the ability to successfully complete these tasks (e.g.

Care coordination in primary care: mapping the territory.

Objective: To document the current approaches to care coordination among different types of care systems in Minnesota.

Study Design: Observational survey of leaders of most of the care systems in Minnesota that have implemented care coordination.

Methods: Survey questions about organizational structure, size, and approach to care coordination were sent to the leaders of 42 care systems with a total of 327 primary care clinics.

Why do distractions sometimes aid self-control? Pigeons (Columba livia) highlight possible mechanisms underlying the distraction effect.

In this essay, the author explores the question of why distractions sometimes aid self-control. In a study with chimpanzees, Evans and Beran (2007) used two conditions with toys to address the possibility raised by Mueller et al. (2023) about toys as distractors.

What Drives Task Performance in Animal Fluency in Individuals Without Dementia? The SMART-MR Study.

Purpose: In this study, we aim to understand whether and how performance in animal fluency (i.e., total correct word count) relates to linguistic levels and/or executive functions by looking at sequence information and item-level metrics (i.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue in young adults: A Swedish head & neck cancer register (SweHNCR) population-based analysis of prognosis in relation to age and stage.

Increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue has been reported in young adults (YA) in several countries since the 1980s and confirmed in later studies. The etiology is unclear, the prognosis has been debated, and conflicting results have been published. Some studies show better survival in young adults than in older patients, some worse, and others no difference.

Assessing aphantasia prevalence and the relation of self-reported imagery abilities and memory task performance.

Aphantasia is the experience of having little to no visual imagery. We assessed the prevalence rate of aphantasia in 5,010 people from the general population of adults in the United States through self-report and responses to two visual imagery scales. The self-reported prevalence rate of aphantasia was 8.