Targeted NIR Fluorescent Mechanically Interlocked Molecules-Peptide Bioconjugate for Live Cancer Cells Submitochondrial Stimulated Emission Depletion Super-Resolution Microscopy.

Herein, a water-soluble, ultrabright, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent, mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs)-peptide bioconjugate is designed with dual targeting capabilities. Cancer cell surface overexpressed αβ integrin targeting two RGDS tetrapeptide residues is tethered at the macrocycle of MIMs-peptide bioconjugate via Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry on the Wang resin, and mitochondria targeting lipophilic cationic TPP functionality is conjugated at the axle dye. Living carcinoma cell selective active targeting, subsequently cell penetration, mitochondrial imaging, including the ultrastructure of cristae, and real-time tracking of malignant mitochondria by MIMs-peptide bioconjugate (RGDS)-Mito-MIMs-TPP are established by stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolved fluorescence microscopy.

A mitochondria targeting, designed, aggregation-induced emission probe for selective detection of neurotoxic amyloid-β aggregates.

A striking issue is the scarcity of imaging probes for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. For the development of Aβ biomarkers, a mitochondria targeting, designed, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe Cou-AIE-TPP is constructed by engineering the aromatic coumarin framework into the bridge of electron donor-acceptor-donor tethered with a lipophilic cationic triphenylphosphonium (TPP) group. The synthesized Cou-AIE-TPP probe exhibits biocompatibility, noncytotoxicity, and a huge Stokes shift (124 nm in PBS).

A Review on Residual Stress in Metal Additive Manufacturing.

A new method for producing parts in the expanding sector is additive manufacturing. The appropriate name for three-dimensional (3D) printing is additive manufacturing because it produces the part layer by layer. Plastics and metals can be 3D printed in large quantities with the precise surface finish and feature quality needed in additive manufacturing.

Single-photon induced instabilities in a cavity electromechanical device.

Cavity-electromechanical systems are extensively used for sensing and controlling the vibrations of mechanical resonators down to their quantum limit. The nonlinear radiation-pressure interaction in these systems could result in an unstable response of the mechanical resonator showing features such as frequency-combs, period-doubling bifurcations and chaos. However, due to weak light-matter interaction, typically these effects appear at very high driving strengths.

Design of an Acidic pH-Activated NIR Fluorescent Convertible Rhodamine-Hemicyanine Probe-Peptide Conjugate for Living Cancer Cell Active Targeted Selective Tracking of Lysosomes.

We have synthesized an acidic pH-activatable dual targeting ratiometric fluorescent probe-peptide conjugate using the SPPS protocol on Rink amide AM resin. Living carcinoma cell specific active targeting, successive cell penetration, and selective staining of lysosomes are accomplished. Real-time monitoring of lysosomes, 3D, and multicolor cancer cell imaging are also attained.

A Bispecific Antibody That Targets the Membrane-Proximal Region of Mesothelin and Retains High Anticancer Activity in the Presence of Shed Mesothelin.

Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface protein that is expressed in many cancers, which makes it a popular target for Ab-based cancer therapy. However, MSLN is shed from cancer cells at high levels via proteases that cleave at its membrane-proximal C-terminal region. Shed MSLN accumulates in patients' fluids and tumors and can block Ab-based MSLN-targeting drugs from killing cancer cells.

Shellac and locust bean gum coacervated curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticle ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model.

Curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate have the disadvantage of low aqueous solubility and first-pass metabolism, resulting in limited bioavailability. This work aimed to enhance oral bioavailability by forming gastric pH-stable shellac nanoparticles containing curcumin and epigallocatechin gallate using locust bean gum by anti-solvent precipitation (CESL-NP). The nanoparticles were characterized by their particle size, morphology, zeta potential, gastric pH stability, release profile, drug loading, and entrapment efficiency.

A bispecific antibody that targets the membrane-proximal region of mesothelin and retains high anticancer activity in the presence of shed mesothelin.

Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface protein that is expressed on many cancers, which makes it a popular target for antibody-based cancer therapy. However, MSLN is shed from cancer cells at high levels via proteases that cleave at its membrane-proximal C-terminal region. Shed MSLN accumulates in patient fluids and tumors and can block antibody-based MSLN-targeting drugs from killing cancer cells.

Biochar aided priming of carbon and nutrient availability in three soil orders of India.

In recent years biochar (BC) has gained importance for its huge carbon (C) sequestration potential and positive effects on various soil functions. However, there is a paucity of information on the long-term impact of BC on the priming effect and nutrient availability in soil with different properties. This study investigates the effects of BC prepared from rice husk (RBC4, RBC6), sugarcane bagasse (SBC4, SBC6) and mustard stalk (MBC4, MBC6) at 400 and 600 °C on soil C priming and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) availability in an Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol.

Recycling transplanted organs: An exceptional case and literature review.

Background: Recycling transplant kidneys, in other words using an allograft which has previously been transplanted in one recipient for transplant in a second recipient, can be a source of opportunity for expanding the pool of available grafts in the United States and beyond.

Summary: We describe a case of renal transplantation from a donor who had undergone a kidney transplant 3 years prior and had good graft function at the time of procurement. The recipient underwent transplantation uneventfully and to date has demonstrated excellent graft function.

Design of Water-Soluble Rotaxane-Capped Superparamagnetic, Ultrasmall FeO Nanoparticles for Targeted NIR Fluorescence Imaging in Combination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Integrating an NIR fluorescent probe with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent to harvest complementary imaging information is challenging. Here, we have designed water-soluble, biocompatible, noncytotoxic, bright-NIR-emitting, sugar-functionalized, mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs)-capped superparamagnetic ultrasmall FeO NPs for targeted multimodal imaging. Dual-functional stoppers containing an unsymmetrical NIR squaraine dye interlocked within a macrocycle to construct multifunctional MIMs are developed with enhanced NIR fluorescence efficiency and durability.

Repurposing the single-used-plastic for development of hydrophobic aerogels for remediation of oil spill and organic solvents.

Currently, around 400 million tonnes of synthetic polymers are being dumped as waste annually and by this rate by 2050 the ocean would contain more such waste compared to the total weight of fish. As recycling could solve part of this problem, recently such waste is being reused for various purposes like composite preparation, oil production and various other use such as production of foams, sponges, and aerogels. However, there is a relatively limited literature available on the utilization of polyethylene polymer (like LDPE).

Instabilities near Ultrastrong Coupling in a Microwave Optomechanical Cavity.

With artificially engineered systems, it is now possible to realize the coherent interaction rate, which can become comparable to the mode frequencies, a regime known as ultrastrong coupling (USC). We experimentally realize a cavity-electromechanical device using a superconducting waveguide cavity and a mechanical resonator. In the presence of a strong pump, the mechanical-polaritons splitting can nearly reach 81% of the mechanical frequency, overwhelming all the dissipation rates.

Live-Cell Mitochondrial Targeted NIR Fluorescent Covalent Labeling of Specific Proteins Using a Dual Localization Effect.

Here, our designed water-soluble NIR fluorescent unsymmetrical Cy-5-Mal/TPP consists of a lipophilic cationic TPP subunit that can selectively target and accumulate in a live-cell inner mitochondrial matrix where a maleimide residue of the probe undergoes faster chemoselective and site-specific covalent attachment with the exposed Cys residue of mitochondrion-specific proteins. On the basis of this dual localization effect, Cy-5-Mal/TPP molecules remain for a longer time period even after membrane depolarization, enabling long-term live-cell mitochondrial imaging. Due to the adequate concentration of Cy-5-Mal/TPP reached in live-cell mitochondria, it facilitates site-selective NIR fluorescent covalent labeling with Cys-exposed proteins, which are identified by the in-gel fluorescence assay and LC-MS/MS-based proteomics and supported by a computational method.

Mycochemistry, antioxidant content, and antioxidant potentiality of the ethanolic extract of and its anti-cancerous effect on HeLa cancer cell line, and antitumor effect on HeLa-implanted mice.

Objectives: Cervical cancer is increasing worldwide and is becoming resistant to the existing drugs in clinical practice. Here, ethanolic extract of fruit body of was evaluated as antioxidant, anticancer agent against HeLa cell lines and anti-tumor against cervical cancer in mice model.

Methods: Fruit bodies of in 90% ethanol, and the ethanolic extract (PFEE) was subsequently investigated for its antioxidant content and activity, anticancer properties against the cervical cancer cell line, HeLa, and antitumor activity against HeLa implanted mice.

Multivalent state transitions shape the intratumoral composition of small cell lung carcinoma.

Studies to date have not resolved how diverse transcriptional programs contribute to the intratumoral heterogeneity of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), an aggressive tumor associated with a dismal prognosis. Here, we identify distinct and commutable transcriptional states that confer discrete functional attributes in individual SCLC tumors. We combine an integrative approach comprising the transcriptomes of 52,975 single cells, high-resolution measurement of cell state dynamics at the single-cell level, and functional and correlative studies using treatment naïve xenografts with associated clinical outcomes.

Acidic pH-Triggered Live-Cell Lysosome Specific Tracking, Ratiometric pH Sensing, and Multicolor Imaging by Visible to NIR Switchable Cy-7 Dyes.

We have demonstrated an efficient synthetic route with crystal structures for the construction of acidic pH-triggered visible-to-NIR interchangeable ratiometric fluorescent pH sensors. This bioresponsive probe exhibits pH-sensitive reversible absorption/emission features, low cytotoxicity, a huge 322 nm bathochromic spectral shift with augmented quantum yield from neutral to acidic pH, high sensitivity and selective targeting ability of live-cell lysosomes with ideal pK , off-to-on narrow NIR absorption/fluorescence signals with high molar absorption coefficient at acidic lysosomal lumen, and in-situ live-cell pH-activated ratiometric imaging of lysosomal pH. Selective staining and ratiometric pH imaging in human carcinoma live-cell lysosomes were monitored by dual-channel confocal laser scanning microscope using a pH-activatable organic fluorescent dye comprising a morpholine moiety for lysosome targeting and an acidic pH openable oxazolidine ring.

C-Terminal Lipidation of SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Peptide Reinstates Superior Membrane Fusion Catalytic Ability.

The spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediates a critical stage in infection, the fusion between viral and host membranes. The protein is categorized as a class I viral fusion protein and has two distinct cleavage sites that can be activated by proteases. The activation deploys the fusion peptide (FP) for insertion into the target cell membranes.

The Mutational Landscape of Cancer's Vulnerability to Ionizing Radiation.

Purpose: Large-scale sequencing efforts have established that cancer-associated genetic alterations are highly diverse, posing a challenge to the identification of variants that regulate complex phenotypes like radiation sensitivity. The impact of the vast majority of rare or common genetic variants on the sensitivity of cancers to radiotherapy remains largely unknown.

Experimental Design: We developed a scalable gene editing and irradiation platform to assess the role of categories of variants in cells.

Accurate species identification of food-contaminating beetles with quality-improved elytral images and deep learning.

Food samples are routinely screened for food-contaminating beetles (i.e., pantry beetles) due to their adverse impact on the economy, environment, public health and safety.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of an Azaoxyallyl Cation-Templated Intramolecular Aryl Amination Leading to Oxindole Derivatives.

Herein, development and detailed investigation of a S '-type intramolecular aromatic substitution reaction involving α-arylazaoxyallyl cation intermediate, is disclosed. The study showcased that while α-aryl-α-chlorohydroxamate could be activated by a combination of base and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) into the corresponding azaoxyallyl cations, it could further emerge into a π-extended species involving the adjacent α-aryl moiety, and this transition is contingent on electronic effects of the aromatic ring as well as on α-substituents. An effective activation of the α-aromatic ring could pave the path for intramolecular Ar(Csp )-N bond formation towards oxindoles.

Construction of Red Fluorescent Dual Targeting Mechanically Interlocked Molecules for Live Cancer Cell Specific Lysosomal Staining and Multicolor Cellular Imaging.

We have designed and synthesized red fluorescent mechanically interlocked molecules with dual targeting functionality for live cancer cell specific active targeting followed by selective internalization and imaging of malignant lysosomes along with real-time tracking, 3D, and multicolor cellular imaging applications.

A novel probiotic strain of TIU19 isolated from Haria beer showing both antibacterial and antibiofilm properties upon two multi resistant uro-pathogen strains.

Probiotics with antimicrobial activity are gaining interest as a topic in the research field. Urinary tract infections (UTIs), acquired in the hospital or the community, are among the most prevalent infections. The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) uro-pathogens has made the current situation more critical in terms of global public health.

Molecular Mechanism of Interaction of Curcumin with BSA, Surfactants and Live E. Coli Cell Membrane Revealed by Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Confocal Microscopy.

Clinical trials on the therapeutic effect of curcumin have proven to be highly effective against many diseases including cancer and Alzheimer's. However, the molecular mechanism of interaction of curcumin with protein and live cell membrane is poorly understood. Here, we report the mechanism of interaction of curcumin with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and live E.