Convolutional neural networks can detect orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson's disease using resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy data.

Neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) often adversely affect the vascular system, leading to alterations in blood flow patterns. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is used to monitor hemodynamic changes via signal measurement. This study investigated the potential of using resting-state fNIRS data through a convolutional neural network (CNN) to evaluate PD with orthostatic hypotension.

Novel locally nebulized indocyanine green for simultaneous identification of tumor margin and intersegmental plane.

Background: Segmentectomy, recommended for early-stage lung cancer or compromised lung function, demands precise tumor detection and intersegmental plane identification. While indocyanine green (ICG) commonly aids in these aspects using near-infrared imaging, its separate administrations through different routes and times can lead to complications and patient anxiety. This study aims to develop a lung-specific delivery method by nebulizing low-dose ICG to targeted lung segments, allowing simultaneous detection of lung tumors and intersegmental planes across diverse animal models.

Simultaneous Visualization of Lung Tumor and Intersegmental Plane during Pulmonary Segmentectomy by Intravenous Injection of Indocyanine Green.

Segmentectomy is a targeted surgical approach tailored for patients with compromised health and early-stage lung cancer. The key to successful segmentectomy lies in precisely identifying the tumor and intersegmental planes to ensure adequate resection margins. In this study, we aimed to enhance this process by simultaneously visualizing the tumor and intersegmental planes through the intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) at different time points and doses.

Detection of metastatic lymph node and sentinel lymph node mapping ​using mannose receptor targeting in in vivo mouse footpad tumor models and rabbit uterine cancer models.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neo-mannosyl human serum albumin-indocyanine green (MSA-ICG) for detecting metastatic lymph node (LN) and mapping sentinel lymph node (SLN) using mouse footpad uterine tumor models. Additionally, the authors assessed the feasibility of MSA-ICG in SLN mapping in rabbit uterine cancer models.

Materials And Methods: The authors compared the LN targeting ability of MSA-ICG with ICG.

Optimization of Indocyanine Green for Intraoperative Fluorescent Image-Guided Localization of Lung Cancer; Analysis Based on Solid Component of Lung Nodule.

ICG fluorescence imaging has been used to detect lung cancer; however, there is no consensus regarding the optimization of the indocyanine green (ICG) injection method. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose and timing of ICG for lung cancer detection using animal models and to evaluate the feasibility of ICG fluorescence in lung cancer patients. In a preclinical study, twenty C57BL/6 mice with footpad cancer and thirty-three rabbits with VX2 lung cancer were used.

Erratum: Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Personalized Digital Healthcare Tool for Brain Monitoring.

This corrects the article on p. 115 in vol. 19, PMID: 36854332.

Clinical application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy for burn assessment.

Early assessment of local tissue oxygen saturation is essential for clinicians to determine the burn wound severity. We assessed the burn extent and depth in the skin of the extremities using a custom-built 36-channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy system in patients with burns. A total of nine patients with burns were analyzed in this study.

Identification of Metastatic Lymph Nodes Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging.

Indocyanine green (ICG) has been used to detect several types of tumors; however, its ability to detect metastatic lymph nodes (LNs) remains unclear. Our goal was to determine the feasibility of ICG in detecting metastatic LNs. We established a mouse model and evaluated the potential of ICG.

Optical coherence microscopy with a split-spectrum image reconstruction method for temporal-dynamics contrast-based imaging of intracellular motility.

Biomedical researchers use optical coherence microscopy (OCM) for its high resolution in real-time label-free tomographic imaging. However, OCM lacks bioactivity-related functional contrast. We developed an OCM system that can measure changes in intracellular motility (indicating cellular process states) via pixel-wise calculations of intensity fluctuations from metabolic activity of intracellular components.

Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Personalized Digital Healthcare Tool for Brain Monitoring.

The sustained growth of digital healthcare in the field of neurology relies on portable and cost-effective brain monitoring tools that can accurately monitor brain function in real time. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is one such tool that has become popular among researchers and clinicians as a practical alternative to functional magnetic resonance imaging, and as a complementary tool to modalities such as electroencephalography. This review covers the contribution of fNIRS to the personalized goals of digital healthcare in neurology by identifying two major trends that drive current fNIRS research.

Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Identification of Thymic Masses Using Low-Dose Indocyanine Green.

Background: Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been used to detect many types of tumors during surgery; however, there are few studies on thymic masses and the dose and time of ICG injection have not been optimized.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the optimal ICG injection dose and timing for detecting thymic masses during surgery.

Method: Forty-nine consecutive patients diagnosed with thymic masses on preoperative computed tomography (CT) and scheduled to undergo thymic cystectomy or thymectomy were included.

Near-infrared fluorescent imaging with indocyanine green in rabbit and patient specimens of esophageal cancer.

Background: We aimed to assess the possibility of detecting esophageal cancer after intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) in preclinical and clinical models.

Methods: Forty-five rabbits were surgically implanted with VX2 tumors into the esophageal muscular layer 2 weeks before esophagectomy. The rabbits received intravenous injection of ICG at doses of 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg at 3, 6, 12, 24, or 48 h before surgical removal of esophagus.

The effect of pupil transmittance on axial resolution of reflection phase microscopy.

A reflection phase microscope (RPM) can be equipped with the capability of depth selection by employing a gating mechanism. However, it is difficult to achieve an axial resolution close to the diffraction limit in real implementation. Here, we systematically investigated the uneven interference contrast produced by pupil transmittance of the objective lens and found that it was the main cause of the practical limit that prevents the axial resolution from reaching its diffraction limit.

High-speed photoacoustic microscopy: A review dedicated on light sources.

In recent years, many methods have been investigated to improve imaging speed in photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). These methods mainly focused upon three critical factors contributing to fast PAM: laser pulse repetition rate, scanning speed, and computing power of the microprocessors. A high laser repetition rate is fundamentally the most crucial factor to increase the PAM speed.

Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging system for small animals in mobile conditions.

We propose a customized animal-specific head cap and an near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system to obtain NIRS signals in mobile small animals. NIRS studies in mobile small animals provide a feasible solution for comprehensive brain function studies. We aim to develop and validate a multichannel NIRS system capable of performing functional brain imaging along with a closed-box stimulation kit for small animals in mobile conditions.

Design and Testing of Augmented Reality-Based Fluorescence Imaging Goggle for Intraoperative Imaging-Guided Surgery.

The different pathways between the position of a near-infrared camera and the user's eye limit the use of existing near-infrared fluorescence imaging systems for tumor margin assessments. By utilizing an optical system that precisely matches the near-infrared fluorescence image and the optical path of visible light, we developed an augmented reality (AR)-based fluorescence imaging system that provides users with a fluorescence image that matches the real-field, without requiring any additional algorithms. Commercial smart glasses, dichroic beam splitters, mirrors, and custom near-infrared cameras were employed to develop the proposed system, and each mount was designed and utilized.

Sensitive label-free imaging of brain samples using FxClear-based tissue clearing technique.

Optical clearing has emerged as a powerful tool for volume imaging. Although volume imaging with immunostaining have been successful in many protocols, yet obtaining homogeneously stained thick samples remains challenging. Here, we propose a method for label-free imaging of brain slices by enhancing the regional heterogeneity of the optical properties using the tissue clearing principle.

Regional analysis of cerebral hemodynamic changes during the head-up tilt test in Parkinson's disease patients with orthostatic intolerance.

Cerebral oxygenation changes in the superior, middle, and medial gyri were used to elucidate spatial impairments of autonomic hemodynamic recovery during the head-up tilt table test (HUTT) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with orthostatic intolerance (OI) symptoms. To analyze dynamic oxygenation changes during the HUTT and classify PD patients with OI symptoms using clinical and oxygenation features. Thirty-nine PD patients with OI symptoms [10: orthostatic hypotension (PD-OH); 29: normal HUTT results (PD-NOR)] and seven healthy controls (HCs) were recruited.

Quickly Alternating Green and Red Laser Source for Real-time Multispectral Photoacoustic Microscopy.

Multispectral photoacoustic microscopy uses a wavelength-dependent absorption difference as a contrast mechanism to image the target molecule. In this paper, we present a novel multispectral pulsed fiber laser source, which selectively alternates the excitation wavelengths between green and red colors based on the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect for imaging. This laser has a high pulse repetition rate (PRR) of 300 kHz and high pulse energy of more than 200 nJ meeting the real-time requirements of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy imaging.

Hemodynamic Activity and Connectivity of the Prefrontal Cortex by Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy during Color-Word Interference Test in Korean and English Language.

In daily living, people are challenged to focus on their goal while eliminating interferences. Specifically, this study investigated the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) activity while attention control was tested using the self-made color-word interference test (CWIT) with a functional near-infrared spectroscopy device (fNIRS). Among 11 healthy Korean university students, overall the highest scores were obtained in the congruent Korean condition 1 (CKC-1) and had the least vascular response (VR) as opposed to the incongruent Korean condition 2 (IKC-2).

Evaluation of Intraoperative Near-Infrared Fluorescence Visualization of the Lung Tumor Margin With Indocyanine Green Inhalation.

Importance: Identification of the tumor margin during surgery is important for precise minimal resection of lung tumors. Intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG) has several limitations when used for intraoperative visualization of lung cancer.

Objectives: To describe a technique for intraoperative visualization of lung tumor margin using ICG inhalation and evaluate the clinical applicability of the technique in mouse and rabbit lung tumor models as well as lung specimens of patients with lung tumors.

Development of a 3-D Physical Dynamics Monitoring System Using OCM with DVC for Quantification of Sprouting Endothelial Cells Interacting with a Collagen Matrix.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role during cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation by providing adhesion sites and serving as a physical scaffold. Elucidating the interaction between the cell and ECM can reveal the underlying mechanisms of cellular behavior that are currently unclear. Analysis of the deformation of the ECM due to cell-matrix interactions requires microscopic, three-dimensional (3-D) imaging methods, such as confocal microscopy and second-harmonic generation microscopy, which are currently limited by phototoxicity and bleaching as a result of the point-scanning approach.

A Novel Singular Value Decomposition-Based Denoising Method in 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography of the Brain in Stroke Patients with Statistical Evaluation.

Computed tomography (CT) is a widely used medical imaging modality for diagnosing various diseases. Among CT techniques, 4-dimensional CT perfusion (4D-CTP) of the brain is established in most centers for diagnosing strokes and is considered the gold standard for hyperacute stroke diagnosis. However, because the detrimental effects of high radiation doses from 4D-CTP may cause serious health risks in stroke survivors, our research team aimed to introduce a novel image-processing technique.

Cross-scanning optical coherence tomography angiography for eye motion correction.

We propose a cross-scanning optical coherence tomography (CS-OCT) system to correct eye motion artifacts in OCT angiography images. This system employs a dual-illumination configuration with two orthogonally polarized beams, each of which simultaneously perform raster scanning in perpendicular direction with each other over the same area. In the reference arm, a polarization delay unit is used to acquire the two orthogonally polarized interferograms with a single photo detector by introducing different optical delay lines.