Neuroprotective effects of fermented blueberry and black rice against particulate matter 2.5 μm-induced inflammation and .

The increasing prevalence of particulate matter (PM) has raised significant concerns about its adverse effects on human health. This study investigates the potential of fermented blueberry and black rice (FBBR) in mitigating the effects of PM2.5 in SH-SY5Y cells and mice.

Therapeutic Effects of Plant Anthocyanin against Alzheimer's Disease and Modulate Gut Health, Short-Chain Fatty Acids.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and neurogenerative disease (NDD), and it is also one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The number of AD patients is over 55 million according to 2020 Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI), and the number is increasing drastically without any effective cure. In this review, we discuss and analyze the potential role of anthocyanins (ACNs) against AD while understanding the molecular mechanisms.

Fermented Inhibits Melanogenesis through Dual Mechanisms of the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β and PKA/CREB Pathways.

UV light causes excessive oxidative stress and abnormal melanin synthesis, which results in skin hyperpigmentation disorders such as freckles, sunspots, and age spots. Much research has been carried out to discover natural plants for ameliorating these disorders. contains various polyphenolic compounds with antioxidative activities, but its effects on melanogenesis have not been fully elucidated.

Quercetin Is An Active Agent in Berries against Neurodegenerative Diseases Progression through Modulation of Nrf2/HO1.

Berries are well-known fruits for their antioxidant effects due to their high content of flavonoids, and quercetin is one of the potent bioactive flavonoids. Although oxidative stress is an inevitable outcome in cells due to energy uptake and metabolism and other factors, excessive oxidative stress is considered a pivotal mediator for the cell death and leads to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Furthermore, oxidative stress triggers inflammation that leads to neuronal cell loss.

The Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Fermented Curcuma That Contains Butyrate Mitigate DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by a radical imbalance of inflammatory signaling pathways in the gastrointestinal tract, and it is categorized into two diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory activities using fermented Curcuma that contains butyrate (FB). Nitric oxide production in RAW 264.

Sodium butyrate ameliorates neurotoxicity and exerts anti-inflammatory effects in high fat diet-fed mice.

The prevalence of high-fat diet consumption-related disorders is increasing, and it is often associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysregulation in the brain may lead to neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Our study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) on HFD-fed mice. In this study, four-week-old male C57Bl/6NTac mice were divided into three groups; the control group, the HFD group, and the HFD + NaB group where mice received 11 mg/kg body weight of NaB with HFD.

Neuroprotective Effects of Sodium Butyrate through Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Modulating Antioxidant Enzymes.

The discovery of effective therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) remains challenging. Neurotoxicity, inflammations, and oxidative stress are associating factors of NDDs. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a short-chain fatty acid found in diet and produced in the gut that reportedly protects cancer, inflammation, obesity and so on.

Fermented blueberry and black rice containing Lactobacillus plantarum MG4221: a novel functional food for particulate matter (PM)/dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis.

Particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor for the deterioration of atopic dermatitis (AD) and certain constituents of PM can induce inflammation via oxidative stress. Natural functional foods, including antioxidative blueberry and black rice, can be the best alternative for the development of AD therapy. Thus, we investigated whether PM regulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the progression of AD and further investigated the improvement effect of fermented blueberry and black rice extract (FBBBR) containing Lactobacillus plantarum MG4221 in vitro and in vivo.

Chlorogenic Acid Improves Symptoms of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Interleukin-10 Knockout Mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammation that is highly prevalent worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-10 can effectively inhibit negative cascades such as the production of inflammatory mediators (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], cyclooxygenase-2), accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates (macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils), toxicity (lower T cell subsets), and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-) in tissues such as the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), Peyer's patch (PP), and colon. In this study, we investigated whether chlorogenic acid (CHA) can regulate inflammation in IL-10 knockout (KO) mice used as an IBD animal model.

Nutritional Interventions Using Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals to Improve Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The gastrointestinal tract, the second largest organ in the body, plays an important role in nutrient and mineral intake through the intestinal barrier. Dysfunction of intestinal permeability and related disorders commonly occur in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one of the health problems in the Western societies that are considered to be mainly due to the Western diet. Although the exact etiology of IBD has not been elucidated, environmental and genetic factors may be involved in its pathogenesis.

(Siebold et Zucc.) Blume Stem Extracts Protect Against -Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Oxidative Stress.

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and protective effect of stem (LGS) extracts against oxidative stress. We compared antioxidant properties of water extract (LGSW) with ethanol extract (LGSE) by determining the contents responsible for antioxidant activities such as polyphenols and flavonoids. Antioxidant properties were also determined by 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

Black Rice ( L.) Fermented with Attenuates Osteoclastogenesis and Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiosteoclastogenic effects of black rice () fermented with (LAB) in RANKL-induced RAW macrophage cells and its antiosteoporosis activity against ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. LAB extract (LABE) treatment attenuated receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-B) ligand-induced osteoclastic differentiation in RAW cells by inhibiting intercellular reactive oxygen species generation and downregulating the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-B, leading to the downregulation of c-Fos and expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1. This consequently suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes including those for cathepsin K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, calcitonin receptor, and integrin 3.

Diets, functional foods, and nutraceuticals as alternative therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Present status and future trends.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious health concern among western societies. The disease is also on the rise in some East Asian countries and in Australia. Health professionals and dietitians around the world are facing an unprecedented challenge to prevent and control the increasing prevalence of IBD.

The Effects of Aronia melanocarpa 'Viking' Extracts in Attenuating RANKL-Induced Osteoclastic Differentiation by Inhibiting ROS Generation and c-FOS/NFATc1 Signaling.

This study aimed to determine the anti-osteoclastogenic effects of extracts from 'Viking' (AM) and identify the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signal mediators in osteoclast differentiation. AM extracts inhibited ROS production in RAW 264.

Cognitive Improving Effects by Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium crymbosum L.) Vinegar on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia Mice Model.

The present study aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) vinegar (BV) on cognitive functions in a scopolamine (Sco)-induced amnesia model in mice. In this study, Sco (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) was used to induce amnesia.

Inhibition of NAT10 Suppresses Melanogenesis and Melanoma Growth by Attenuating Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) Expression.

-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) has been considered a target for the treatment of human diseases such as cancer and laminopathies; however, its functional role in the biology of melanocytes is questionable. Using a small molecule or small interfering RNA targeting NAT10, we examined the effect of NAT10 inhibition on melanogenesis and melanoma growth in human and mouse melanoma cells. Genetic silencing or chemical inhibition of NAT10 resulted in diminished melanin synthesis through the suppression of melanogenesis-stimulating genes such as those encoding dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) and tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Vanillin Suppresses Cell Motility by Inhibiting STAT3-Mediated HIF-1α mRNA Expression in Malignant Melanoma Cells.

Recent studies have shown that vanillin has anti-cancer, anti-mutagenic, and anti-metastatic activity; however, the precise molecular mechanism whereby vanillin inhibits metastasis and cancer progression is not fully elucidated. In this study, we examined whether vanillin has anti-cancer and anti-metastatic activities via inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in A2058 and A375 human malignant melanoma cells. Immunoblotting and quantitative real time (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that vanillin down-regulates HIF-1α protein accumulation and the transcripts of HIF-1α target genes related to cancer metastasis including fibronectin 1 (), lysyl oxidase-like 2 (), and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor ().

Preventive and therapeutic effects of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) extract against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by regulation of antioxidant and inflammatory mediators.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disorder caused by hyperactivation of effector immune cells that produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. The aims of our study were to determine whether orally administered blueberry extract (BE) could attenuate or prevent the development of experimental colitis in mice and to elucidate the mechanism of action. Female Balb/C mice (n=7) were randomized into groups differing in treatment conditions (prevention and treatment) and dose of BE (50 mg/kg body weight).

Oxidative Dimerization of PHD2 is Responsible for its Inactivation and Contributes to Metabolic Reprogramming via HIF-1α Activation.

Prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases that mediates homeostatic responses to oxygen deprivation by mediating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) hydroxylation and degradation. Although oxidative stress contributes to the inactivation of PHD2, the precise molecular mechanism of PHD2 inactivation independent of the levels of co-factors is not understood. Here, we identified disulfide bond-mediated PHD2 homo-dimer formation in response to oxidative stress caused by oxidizing agents and oncogenic H-ras(V12) signalling.

Effects of TiCl4 Post-Treatment on the Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

The effects of compact TiO2 overlayers, deposited on TiO2 photoelectrodes through the hydrolysis of TiCl4, on the overall performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were investigated. A thermal treatment at high-enough temperature was required for a more effective and higher dye-loading of the compact TiO2 overlayers. This led to improvements in the crystallinity and porosity of the layer, which contributed to higher power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of DSSCs compared with the electrodes prepared at relatively lower temperatures.

Apigenin Attenuates Melanoma Cell Migration by Inducing Anoikis through Integrin and Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibition.

Apigenin, a nonmutagenic flavonoid, has been found to have antitumor properties and is therefore particularly relevant for the development of chemotherapeutic agents for cancers. In this study, time- and dose-dependent cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed to determine the effects of apigenin on A2058 and A375 melanoma cells. Melanoma cells were pretreated with different concentrations of apigenin and analyzed for morphological changes, anoikis induction, cell migration, and levels of proteins associated with apoptosis.

Inhibition of glutamine utilization sensitizes lung cancer cells to apigenin-induced apoptosis resulting from metabolic and oxidative stress.

Recent studies have shown anticancer activity of apigenin by suppressing glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression in cultured cancer cells; however, it is not clear whether apigenin can suppress glucose metabolism in lung cancer cells or sensitize them to inhibition of glutamine utilization-mediated apoptosis through metabolic and oxidative stress. We show that apigenin significantly decreases GLUT1 expression in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that apigenin induces growth retardation and apoptosis through metabolic and oxidative stress caused by suppression of glucose utilization in lung cancer cells.

Anti-inflammatory activity on mice of extract of Ganoderma lucidum grown on rice via modulation of MAPK and NF-κB pathways.

Ganoderma lucidum is a popular medicinal mushroom with anti-inflammatory potential. In the present study, the aim was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect and mode of action of G. lucidum grown on germinated brown rice (GLBR) in a mouse model of colitis.

PRMT5 is essential for the eIF4E-mediated 5'-cap dependent translation.

It is becoming clear that PRMT5 plays essential roles in cell cycle progression, survival, and responses to external stresses. However, the precise mechanisms underlying such roles of PRMT5 have not been clearly understood. Previously, we have demonstrated that PRMT5 participates in cellular adaptation to hypoxia by ensuring 5'-cap dependent translation of HIF-1α.

Anticancer activity of hispidin via reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells.

Few studies have been performed on the anticancer activity of hispidin, a phenolic compound produced from the medicinal mushroom Phellinus linteus. Herein, we studied hispidin-induced apoptosis, which is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in colon cancer cells. Hispidin was found to reduce cell viability both in mouse and human colon cancer cells.