Sparse kernel -means clustering.

Clustering is an essential technique that groups similar data points to uncover the underlying structure and features of the data. Although traditional clustering methods such as -means are widely utilized, they have limitations in identifying nonlinear clusters. Thus, alternative techniques, such as kernel -means and spectral clustering, have been developed to address this issue.

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging for Environmental Stress Diagnosis in Crops.

The field of plant phenotype is used to analyze the shape and physiological characteristics of crops in multiple dimensions. Imaging, using non-destructive optical characteristics of plants, analyzes growth characteristics through spectral data. Among these, fluorescence imaging technology is a method of evaluating the physiological characteristics of crops by inducing plant excitation using a specific light source.

Particulate matter 10 induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in rhesus macaques skin fibroblast.

Background: Particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollutant that affects human health worldwide. PM can pass through the skin barrier, thus causing skin diseases such as heat rash, allergic reaction, infection, or inflammation. However, only a few studies have been conducted on the cytotoxic effects of PM exposure on large-scale animals.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with cardio/cerebrovascular disease who visit the emergency department.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic situation is a state that has had a great impact on the medical system and society. To respond to the pandemic situation, various methods, such as a pre-triage system, are being implemented in the emergency medical field. However, there are insufficient studies on the effects of this pandemic situation on patients visiting the emergency department (ED), especially those with cardio/cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) classified as time-dependent emergencies.

Stability of Engineered Micro or Nanobubbles for Biomedical Applications.

A micro/nanobubble (MNB) refers to a bubble structure sized in a micrometer or nanometer scale, in which the core is separated from the external environment and is normally made of gas. Recently, it has been confirmed that MNBs can be widely used in angiography, drug delivery, and treatment. Thus, MNBs are attracting attention as they are capable of constructing a new contrast agent or drug delivery system.

How Should We Assign Large Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinomas for Staging?

Infiltrative gross morphology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be associated with poor prognosis, but this is not considered for staging. A total of 774 HCC patients who underwent curative liver resection were retrospectively reviewed and the prognostic significance of infiltrative type HCC was assessed using the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging systems. Seventy-four patients (9.

Anomalous Ambipolar Transport of Organic Semiconducting Crystals via Control of Molecular Packing Structures.

Organic crystals deposited on 2-dimensional (2D) van der Waals substrates have been widely investigated due to their unprecedented crystal structures and electrical properties. van der Waals interaction between organic molecules and the substrate induces epitaxial growth of high quality organic crystals and their anomalous crystal morphologies. Here, we report on unique ambipolar charge transport of a "lying-down" pentacene crystal grown on a 2D hexagonal boron nitride van der Waals substrate.

Multi-floor cascading ferroelectric nanostructures: multiple data writing-based multi-level non-volatile memory devices.

Multiple data writing-based multi-level non-volatile memory has gained strong attention for next-generation memory devices to quickly accommodate an extremely large number of data bits because it is capable of storing multiple data bits in a single memory cell at once. However, all previously reported devices have failed to store a large number of data bits due to the macroscale cell size and have not allowed fast access to the stored data due to slow single data writing. Here, we introduce a novel three-dimensional multi-floor cascading polymeric ferroelectric nanostructure, successfully operating as an individual cell.

A Facile Route for Patterned Growth of Metal-Insulator Carbon Lateral Junction through One-Pot Synthesis.

Precise graphene patterning is of critical importance for tailor-made and sophisticated two-dimensional nanoelectronic and optical devices. However, graphene-based heterostructures have been grown by delicate multistep chemical vapor deposition methods, limiting preparation of versatile heterostructures. Here, we report one-pot synthesis of graphene/amorphous carbon (a-C) heterostructures from a solid source of polystyrene via selective photo-cross-linking process.

Simultaneous visualization of graphene grain boundaries and wrinkles with structural information by gold deposition.

Although line defects such as grain boundaries (GBs) and wrinkles are unavoidable in graphene, difficulties in identification preclude studying their impact on electronic and mechanical properties. As previous methods focus on a single type of line defect, simultaneous measurements of both GBs and wrinkles with detailed structural information have not been reported. Here, we introduce effective visualization of both line defects by controlled gold deposition.

Fast benchtop visualization of graphene grain boundaries using adhesive properties of defects.

Highly adhesive properties of graphene grain boundaries to permanganate lead to a very quick, easy and convenient method to visualize the grain boundaries simply using an optical microscope, which would be vital to improve specific properties of graphene.