[Iatrogenic colorectal perforations--review of cases of the last twenty years].

The experiences with the surgical therapy of 31 patients treated for iatrogenic colorectal perforations during twenty years (1979-1998) are reviewed by the authors. The factors leading to perforation and applied types of operations compared with the therapeutical methods suggested by the literature are summarized. For the treatment of immediately detected instrumental perforations of the well cleaned colon the justification of the suture and primary resection is stressed.

Changes in apoptotic and mitotic activity in rectal carcinoma after short-term cytostatic therapy as possible predictive factors.

Fifteen patients with rectal adenocarcinoma were endoscopically biopsied and given short-term [5 fluorouracil (5FU) (600 mg/m2) and Ca-Folinate (60 mg/m2) for two days] cytostatic therapy. Seven days later the tumor was resected or a second biopsy was performed. Apoptotic and mitotic indices were determined in the tumor tissue before and after the short-term chemotherapy.

The relationship between splanchnic oxygen consumption and blood supply.

Our experimental study has proved, that the increase in the intestinal and splanchnic metabolism is associated with raised blood flow. However, it has been found that so called primary increase of the blood flow by the administration of vasodilatators is not associated with raised metabolism, i.e.

Effect of acidification of the duodenal contents on splanchnic circulation and metabolism.

Portal vein (PF) and superior mesenteric artery blood flows (SMAF), arterial and portal venous oxygen concentrations were measured in dogs before and after duodenal introduction of 3 ml/kg 0.1 mol HCl. The duodenal acidification increased PF by 30% and SMAF by 35%.

Circulatory effects of intraduodenal acidification in the rat.

The effect of intraduodenal administration of 0.3 ml/100 g 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and of the i.

The effect of duodenal acidification on gastric circulation and function in the dog.

The effect of acidification of duodenal contents on splanchnic bloodflow and gastric circulation was investigated in anaesthetized dogs by measuring electromagnetically portal venous and left gastric artery bloodflow and gastric mucosa bloodflow with pertechnetate clearance. Duodenal acidification increased portal venous bloodflow and reduced mesenteric inflow resistance. At the same time bloodflow in the gastric artery and (not significantly) in the mucosa were reduced in consequence of increased inflow resistances.

The effect of haemorrhage on gastric circulation and acid output in the dog.

Blood flow in the portal vein and the left gastric artery was measured electromagnetically and gastric mucosal perfusion was determined by pertechnetate clearance in anaesthetized dogs. Bleeding the animals to arterial pressures of 100 and 60 mmHg respectively reduced portal venous flow and markedly increased the mesenteric inflow resistance. Left gastric arterial and gastric mucosal blood flow were decreased without significant vascular resistance change only in proportion to perfusion pressure reduction.

The effect of intestinal hormones on splanchnic circulation.

The influence of acidification of the duodenal contents, of intravenous secretin, cholecystokinin and pancreozym injections on hepatic (HAF) and left gastric artery (GAF) and on portal vein blood flow (PVF), bile and pancreatic juice output was studied in dogs. Acid introduction into the duodenum increased HAF and PVF by 20 and 25 percent, respectively. GAF did not change significantly.

The mechanism of the changes in splanchnic blood flow after feeding.

Introduction of hydrolysed protein solution into the duodenum increased in the dog hepatic artery and portal venous blood flow. The reaction is, however, smaller than after the introduction of 0.1 N HCl.

The effect of acidifying the duodenal contents on splanchnic blood flow.

Acidifying the duodenal contents with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid in the dog increased both hepatic artery and portal vein flow, and reduced mesenteric vascular resistance as well as hepatic artery and portal venous inflow resistances. The reaction is absent after intraduodenal injection of 30% glucose and physiological saline solutions.

Estimation of the hepatic blood flow in the dog with the Xe133 and hydrogen wash-out Au190 -colloid uptake techniques and with the electromagnetic flowmeter.

In dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbital hepatic blood flow measured with electromagnetic flowmeters placed on the hepatic artery and the portal vein was 142 +/- 10.2 ml.min(-1).

Analysis of reflex changes in hepatic tissue blood flow elicited from the intestinal mucosa.

The reflex changes of local hepatic blood flow (HBF) were studied in anaesthetized dogs. An increase of HBF following the acidification of duodenal mucosa and the injection of glucose solution into the intestinal lumen was demonstrated. An attempt was made to cast light on the underlying mechanism which may govern the above mentioned local circulatory reflexes in the liver, by investigating the effect of bilateral vagotomy and of the local anaesthesia of duodenal mucosa.