Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia hydromorphone combined with pregabalin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a multicenter, randomized controlled study.

Background: Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication of acute herpes zoster. The treatment of PHN remains a challenge for clinical pain management. Despite the effectiveness of anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and lidocaine patches in reducing PHN, many patients still face intractable pain disorders.

Parthenolide promotes the repair of spinal cord injury by modulating M1/M2 polarization via the NF-κB and STAT 1/3 signaling pathway.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disease; however, there is no effective treatment for spinal cord injury. Neuroinflammation involves the activation of resident microglia and the infiltration of macrophages is the major pathogenesis of SCI secondary injury and considered to be the therapeutic target of SCI. Parthenolide (PN) has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects in fever, migraines, arthritis, and superficial inflammation; however, the role of PN in SCI therapeutics has not been clarified.

Ceftriaxone Calcium Crystals Induce Acute Kidney Injury by NLRP3-Mediated Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Injury.

Objective: To investigate the role of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress injury in the mechanisms of ceftriaxone calcium crystal-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) both in vivo and in vitro.

Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of ten each according to different concentrations of ceftriaxone and calcium. Based on the levels of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the AKI group was chosen for the subsequent experiments.

Characterizing ceftriaxone-induced urolithiasis and its associated acute kidney injury: an animal study and Chinese clinical systematic review.

Objective: To investigate the pathophysiological process of ceftriaxone-induced urolithiasis and its associated acute kidney injury (AKI) based on an animal study and summarize the main clinical characteristics based on a Chinese clinical systematic review.

Materials And Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of six each according to different treatments including control; ceftriaxone; ceftriaxone with calcium; calcium; and ceftriaxone, calcium with citrate, respectively. The 24-h urine volume, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured; kidney histological examination and stone analysis were performed.

Possible function of urinary pH and citrate on the ceftriaxone-induced nephrolithiasis.

Objective: To test whether urinary pH and citrate is associated with ceftriaxone-induced kidney stone formation and if acidified urine could dissolve this kind of stone using an in vitro crystallization model.

Methods: Crystallization was induced by mixing ceftriaxone at the standard therapeutic urinary concentration to artificial urine. The response of different physiological pH and citrate on ceftriaxone-induced crystallization was measured by the depletion ratio of ceftriaxone in the process.

Could infrared spectroscopy identify melamine-related stone using melamine-contained mixture as a reference?

Background: Recently, a method of infrared spectroscopy analysis to identify melamine-contained stone was established by examining melamine powders mixed with true urinary stones. However, several studies demonstrated melamine could be interacted with cyanuric acid or uric acid in water through hydrogen bonds. It presents a hypothesis that the infrared spectrum of melamine-contained stone formed in urine is probably different from melamine-contained dry mixtures.

Comparison of renal function and metabolic abnormalities of cystine stone patients and calcium oxalate stone patients in China.

Purpose: To compare renal function and metabolic abnormalities of cystine stone patients and calcium oxalate stone patients in China.

Methods: Between 2008 and 2011, thirty cystine stone patients were involved in our study, and an equal number of age- and gender pair-matched patients with calcium oxalate stones. Non-stone forming individuals were elected as controls.