Nucleic acid structure and expression of the human AIDS/lymphadenopathy retrovirus.

The 9,213-nucleotide structure of the AIDS/lymphadenopathy virus has been determined from molecular clones representing the integrated provirus and viral RNA. The sequence reveals that the virus is highly polymorphic and lacks significant nucleotide homology with type C retroviruses characterized previously. Together with an analysis of the two major viral subgenomic RNAs, these studies establish the coding frames for the gag, pol and env genes and predict the expression of a novel gene at the 3' end of the genome unrelated to the X genes of HTLV-1 and -II.

Cloning and expression of cDNA for human lymphotoxin, a lymphokine with tumour necrosis activity.

A chemically-synthesized gene and natural complementary DNA coding for human lymphotoxin were isolated and engineered for expression in Escherichia coli. Purified recombinant lymphotoxin shows cytotoxic activity on murine and human tumour cell lines in vitro and causes necrosis of certain murine sarcomas in vivo.

Trigeminal schwannoma in a child.

A 5-year-old girl presented with headache, vomiting, flushing, ptosis, and paroxysmal tachycardia. The neurological findings were partial motor and sensory left trigeminal palsy, left conductive hearing defect, and left cerebellar deficit. The radiological and neuropathological findings were typical for trigeminal schwannoma, which is rare in childhood.

Biological and antigenic similarities of murine interferon-gamma and macrophage-activating factor.

Murine peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) treated with murine recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (greater than 99% estimated purity), or concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cell supernatants developed tumoricidal properties (macrophage activation factor [MAF] activity). MAF activity was found to occur with treatments of 10 U/ml IFN-gamma, and at levels as low as 1 U/ml IFN-gamma if a second signal (5 ng/ml endotoxin) was present in the MAF assay. Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) alone at these levels failed to induce MAF; induction of MAF was observed at 1,000-fold greater levels.

Is hostility linked with affiliation among males and with achievement among females? A critique of Pollak and Gilligan.

This investigation attempted to replicate and to clarify methodologically an investigation by Pollak and Gilligan (1982). Those investigators reported sex differences in violence imagery to Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) pictures depicting affiliation and achievement situations. Pollak and Gilligan concluded that men perceive danger in situations of affiliation whereas women perceive danger in situations of achievement.

Tubular colonic duplication--review of 1876-1981 literature.

Four cases of tubular colonic duplication are reported and 53 more are reviewed from 1876-1981 literature. Eighty percent of these patients had other anomalies, most notably genital and bladder duplications. Females outnumbered the males 37 to 20.

Cerebrovascular arteriopathy (arteriosclerosis) and ischemic childhood stroke.

The aim of this report is to describe the intracranial cerebrovascular abnormalities and clinical status of 8 children who had familial lipoprotein disorders and evidence of thromboembolic cerebrovascular disease. Six of the 8 children had low levels of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol, two had high triglyceride levels, and all came from kindreds characterized by familial lipoprotein abnormalities and premature cardio- and/or cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. Vascular occlusion, irregularities of the arterial lumen, beading, tortuosity, and evidence of collateralization were consistently noted.

Transvenous cardiac pacing in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Despite widespread application of cardiac pacing to a wide variety of circumstances with minimal morbidity are remarkable success, the possible role of transvenous pacing in the acute setting of cardiac resuscitation has not been adequately evaluated. The authors report their experience with the use of transvenous pacemakers in 26 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Although electrical activity was induced by pacing in nearly one-third of those whose primary disturbance was asystole, electromechanical dissociation followed and survival was not improved.

Studies with equine infectious anemia virus: transmission attempts by mosquitoes and survival of virus on vector mouthparts and hypodermic needles, and in mosquito tissue culture.

Biological and mechanical transmission trials with Psorophora columbiae (Dyar and Knab) and Aedes sollicitans (Walker) and ponies acutely infected with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) were negative. The EIAV antigen was detected by radioimmunoassay in Ae sollicitans immediately after the mosquitoes had fed on an acutely ill pony, but not 14 days after feeding. Psorophora columbiae mosquitoes had detectable EIAV antigen as determined by radioimmunoassay 24 hours after they fed on an acutely ill pony; this antigen was not detected again until 6 days after feeding and was still detected 14 days after feeding.

Rat sarcoma virus: further analysis of individual viral isolates and the gene product.

Rasheed rat sarcoma virus, derived by in vitro cocultivation of two rat cell lines (Rasheed et al., Proc. Natl.

In vitro host range of equine infectious anemia virus.

Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) was successfully inoculated onto cell cultures of canine and feline origin, resulting in chronic infections in these cultures. Infection of equine cell cultures, which were the previous sole in vitro source demonstrated for virus production, was also performed for comparative purposes. Determination of the nature of the virus produced in the heterologous as well as the equine cells was accomplished in several ways.

Monoclonal antibodies as immunospecific probes for virus and cell surface antigen localization with the unlabeled antibody hemocyanin bridge: a review.

Hemocyanin (Hcy) from whelks, Busycon canniculatum has been developed as a visual marker for the identification of virus and cell surface antigens by the correlative techniques of fluorescence microscopy, TEM and SEM. A series of hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies that allow the identification of type-, group-, and class-specific antigenic determinants on the major envelope glycoprotein of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) gp 52 and two group-specific monoclonal antibodies to MMTV gp 36 have been developed. We used these antibodies in the unlabeled antibody Hcy bridge for immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) and found that each gp 52 antigenic determinant was expressed on virus during all stages of morphogenesis and on the infected cell surface while the gp 36 determinants were not detected.

Evaluation of tonsils and adenoids in Sleep Apnea syndrome.

Peripheral Sleep Apnea syndrome has been associated with enlarged tonsils and adenoids as well as other abnormalities which may cause upper airway obstruction in children. A multidisciplinary approach is used at the Step Disorder Center of Cincinnati General Hospital to evaluate the role of tonsils and adenoids in sleep apnea. Polysomnographic techniques combined with cine sleep studies of the upper airway document the degree, site and type of obstruction.

Isolation and characterization of an endogenous type C virus of rhesus monkeys.

A type C retrovirus was isolated from a continuous cell line established from a spontaneous esophageal carcinoma of a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulata) by prolonged cocultivation with canine cells. A DNA transcript of the viral RNA hybridized to a high level and kinetic analysis indicated the presence of multiple copies of the viral genome in rhesus monkey DNA, showing that the virus is endogenous in this species. The rhesus monkey virus closely resembles, in several respects, an endogenous type C virus previously isolated from stumptailed macques (Macaca arctoides), aa species closely related to rhesus monkeys.

Large-scale production of mouse mammary tumor virus in the absence of endogenous murine leukemia virus.

A system for the large-scale production and purification of mouse mammary tumor virus in the absence of detectable endogenous murine leukemia virus is described. By utilizing the Mm5mt/c1 cell line established from an adenocarcinoma of a C3H mouse, the continuous production of over 25,000 liters of mouse mammary tumor virus-containing tissue culture fluids has been achieved. By the strict adherence to well-defined tissue culture conditions, mammary tumor virus production was accomplished without the expression of murine leukemia virus.

Type B and type C RNA tumor virus replication in single cells. Electron microscopy with tannic acid.

Simultaneous replication of murine mammary tumor virus (type B) and murine leukemia virus (type C) was demonstrated electron microscopically along continuous stretches of the plasma membrane of single cells in cultures ofthe Mm5mt/c1 cell line. Types B and C virus buds were discriminated in thin sections with the aid of a tannic acid fixative that revealed the type B surface spikes as a homogeneous band of intermediate density and constant width on the surfaces of some buds (type B), whereas others (type C) remained with relatively smooth envelopes. Both types B and C buds may contain morphologically identical horseshoe-shaped nucleoids.

Direct syncytial assay for the quantitation of bovine leukemia virus.

A direct in vitro tissue culture method is described for the quantitation of bovine leukemia virus, utlizing a feline S+L-- cell line.