Postgraduate training for trauma prevention, injury surveillance and research, Uganda.

Problem: The burden of trauma and injuries in Uganda is substantial and growing. Two important gaps that need addressing are the shortage of trained people and a lack of national data on noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors in Uganda.

Approach: We developed and implemented a new track within an existing master of public health programme, aimed at developing graduate-level capacity and promoting research on key national priorities for trauma and injuries.

Pseudohypoxic Brain Swelling After Elective Lumbar Spinal Surgery: Case Report.

Pseudohypoxic brain swelling (or the more recent term, postoperative intracranial hypotension-associated venous congestion) is a rare and potentially deadly complication that can occur after routine spine or brain surgery. The mechanism of this injury has been described as a rapid cerebral spinal fluid drainage leading to venous cerebral congestion. The clinical and radiographic findings mimic those found in a patient who has suffered an anoxic brain injury.

Prevalence of active Charcot disease in the East Midlands of England.

Aims: To undertake a prospective point prevalence study of the prevalence of active Charcot neuro-inflammatory osteoarthropathy (Charcot disease) in a circumscribed part of England and to audit the time elapsing between disease onset and first diagnosis.

Methods: The prevalence of active Charcot disease of the foot during a single month was assessed by specialist foot care teams at seven secondary care services in the East Midlands region of England.

Results: A total of 90 cases were identified, representing 4.

Assistive technology and people: a position paper from the first global research, innovation and education on assistive technology (GREAT) summit.

Assistive technology (AT) is a powerful enabler of participation. The World Health Organization's Global Collaboration on Assistive Technology (GATE) programme is actively working towards access to assistive technology for all. Developed through collaborative work as a part of the Global Research, Innovation and Education on Assistive Technology (GREAT) Summit, this position paper provides a "state of the science" view of AT users, conceptualized as "People" within the set of GATE strategic "P"s.

Gestation at birth, mode of birth, infant feeding and childhood hospitalization with infection.

Introduction: Infections are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in preschool children. We aimed to assess the impact of the co-occurrence of cesarean section, early birth and formula feeding on hospitalization with infection in early childhood.

Material And Methods: Population-based retrospective record-linkage cohort study of 488 603 singleton livebirths ≥32 weeks' gestational age in New South Wales, Australia, 2007-2012.

A simple, inexpensive method for subcortical stereotactic targeting in nonhuman primates.

Background: Many current neuroscience studies in large animal models have focused on recordings from cortical structures. While sufficient for analyzing sensorimotor systems, many processes are modulated by subcortical nuclei. Large animal models, such as nonhuman primates (NHP), provide an optimal model for studying these circuits, but the ability to target subcortical structures has been hampered by lack of a straightforward approach to targeting.

Development of the Subtle ADHD Malingering Screener.

The objective of this study was to develop a subtle self-report scale-the Subtle ADHD Malingering Screener (SAMS)-to screen for malingering among individuals reporting symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study employed a cross-sectional experimental design with an ADHD group, a control group-comprising individuals without ADHD-and a malingering group-comprising individuals without ADHD who were instructed to feign ADHD in their responses. Factor analysis and psychometric testing were conducted to develop a final scale that could distinguish the malingering from the other groups.

Clinical Outcomes of Endovascular Thrombectomy in Tissue Plasminogen Activator versus Non-Tissue Plasminogen Activator Patients at Primary Stroke Care Centers.

Background: The effect of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) administration before endovascular intervention as compared to without at thrombectomy-capable low-volume centers on procedural aspects and patient outcomes has not been investigated.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed in all consecutive large vessel cerebrovascular accident patients treated with endovascular therapy at two select rural primary stroke centers between 2011 and 2015. Patients' data regarding age, sex, and medical history, as well as thrombus location by catheter-based cerebral angiography, postprocedural reperfusion status, and clinical outcomes were reviewed.

Incidentally Found Double Aortic Arch While Treating Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm: Conversion from Femoral to Radial Artery Access.

Background: Asymptomatic double aortic arches are a unique occurrence.

Case Description: An incidental finding of a double aortic arch in an elderly male was discovered during workup of a transient ischemic attack. The following case presentation details an effective treatment approach in cerebrovascular stenting in a patient with variant aortic arch anatomy.

The impact of general anesthesia on child development and school performance: a population-based study.

Background: There has been considerable interest in the possible adverse neurocognitive effects of exposure to general anesthesia and surgery in early childhood.

Aims: The aim of this data linkage study was to investigate developmental and school performance outcomes of children undergoing procedures requiring general anesthesia in early childhood.

Methods: We included children born in New South Wales, Australia of 37+ weeks' gestation without major congenital anomalies or neurodevelopmental disability with either a school entry developmental assessment in 2009, 2012, or Grade-3 school test results in 2008-2014.

Distinct transcriptomic and exomic abnormalities within myelodysplastic syndrome marrow cells.

To provide biologic insights into mechanisms underlying myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) we evaluated the CD34 marrow cells transcriptome using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). We demonstrated significant differential gene expression profiles (GEPs) between MDS and normal and identified 41 disease classifier genes. Additionally, two main clusters of GEPs distinguished patients based on their major clinical features, particularly between those whose disease remained stable versus patients who transformed into acute myeloid leukemia within 12 months.

Reversals and limitations on high-intensity, life-sustaining treatments.

Importance: Critically ill patients often receive high-intensity life sustaining treatments (LST) in the intensive care unit (ICU), although they can be ineffective and eventually undesired. Determining the risk factors associated with reversals in LST goals can improve patient and provider appreciation for the natural history and epidemiology of critical care and inform decision making around the (continued) use of LSTs.

Methods: This is a single institution retrospective cohort study of patients receiving life sustaining treatment in an academic tertiary hospital from 2009 to 2013.

Perfluorocarbons Prevent Lung Injury and Promote Development during Artificial Placenta Support in Extremely Premature Lambs.

Background: Extremely premature neonates suffer high morbidity and mortality. An artificial placenta (AP) using extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is a promising therapy.

Objectives: We hypothesized that intratracheal perfluorocarbon (PFC) instillation during AP support would reduce lung injury and promote lung development relative to intratracheal amniotic fluid or crystalloid.

Structural characterization of a novel monotreme-specific protein with antimicrobial activity from the milk of the platypus.

Monotreme lactation protein (MLP) is a recently identified protein with antimicrobial activity. It is present in the milk of monotremes and is unique to this lineage. To characterize MLP and to gain insight into the potential role of this protein in the evolution of lactation, the crystal structure of duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) MLP was determined at 1.

Evaluation of the convergent validity of an estimated cardiorespiratory fitness algorithm.

Purpose: Examine the convergent validity of a cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) algorithm when compared to treadmill-assessed CRF.

Methods: Data from the 1999-2004 NHANES were used (N = 3259 adults 20-49 years). Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated from an algorithm.

Accidental pharmacological poisonings in young children: population-based study in three settings.

Introduction: Pharmacological poisonings in young children are avoidable. Previous studies report calls to poisons centres, presentations to emergency departments (ED) or hospital admissions. There are limited data assessing concurrent management of poisonings across all three settings.

Caregiving for Uganda's elders with disability: Using cross-sectional surveillance data to identify healthcare service gaps in low- and middle-income settings.

Background: Disability is highly prevalent in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs), but there is a relative dearth of disability and caregiving research from LMICs.

Objective: To examine type and severity of disability experienced by individuals 60 years and older, caregivers and type of caregiving assistance, and the interrelationships between sociodemographic factors involved in Uganda.

Methods: Data was collected from two Eastern Ugandan districts using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.

The physical postures of yoga practices may protect against depressive symptoms, even as life stressors increase: a moderation analysis.

Yoga contains sub-components related to its physical postures (asana), breathing methods (pranayama), and meditation (dhyana). To test the hypothesis that specific yoga practices are associated with reduced psychological distress, 186 adults completed questionnaires assessing life stressors, symptom severity, and experience with each of these aspects of yoga. Each yoga sub-component was found to be negatively correlated with psychological distress indices.

Left Internal Carotid Artery Arising from the Right Cavernous Internal Carotid Artery: A Case Report.

Anatomical variations involving the internal carotid artery are uncommon. Herein, we present a very rare origin of the internal carotid artery. An adult female presented to the emergency department after falling.

Neonatal Morbidity at Term, Early Child Development, and School Performance: A Population Study.

Objectives: Investigate the association between severe neonatal morbidity (SNM) and child development and school performance among term infants.

Methods: The study population included term infants without major congenital conditions born between 2000 and 2007 in New South Wales, Australia, with a linked record of developmental assessment at ages 4 to 6 years in 2009 or 2012 ( = 144 535) or school performance at ages 7 to 9 years from 2009 to 2014 ( = 253 447). Developmental outcomes included special needs or being vulnerable and/or at risk in 1 of 5 developmental domains.

The Role of Executive Functioning and Technological Anxiety (FOMO) in College Course Performance as Mediated by Technology Usage and Multitasking Habits.

This study investigated how technology use impacts academic performance. A proposed model postulated that academic performance could be predicted by a cognitive independent variable-executive functioning problems-and an affective independent variable-technological anxiety or FOMO (fear of missing out)-mediated by how students choose to use technology. An unobtrusive smartphone application called "Instant Quantified Self" monitored daily smartphone un-locks and daily minutes of use.

Disability Characteristics of Community-Based Rehabilitation Participants in Kayunga District, Uganda.

Background: Approximately 80% of individuals with disability reside in low- and middle-income countries where community-based rehabilitation (CBR) has been used as a strategy to improve disability. However, data relating to disability severity among CBR beneficiaries in low-income countries like Uganda remain scarce, particularly at the community or district level.

Objectives: To describe severity of disability and associated factors for persons with physical disabilities receiving CBR services in the Kayunga district of Uganda.