Assessment of genotoxicity biomarkers in gasoline station attendants due to occupational exposure.

Gasoline station attendants are exposed to numerous chemicals that might have genotoxic and carcinogenic potential, such as benzene in fuel vapor and particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in vehicle exhaust emission. According to IARC, benzene and diesel particulates are Group 1 human carcinogens, and gasoline has been classified as Group 2A "possibly carcinogenic to humans." At gas stations, self-service is not implemented in Turkey; fuel-filling service is provided entirely by employees, and therefore they are exposed to those chemicals in the workplace during all working hours.

Genetic variants of folate metabolism and the risk of multiple sclerosis.

Background And Aims: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown cause. Alterations in one-carbon metabolism have impact in the pathophysiology by genetic susceptibility to MS and increased the risk of MS. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the gene polymorphism on Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (), Methionine Synthase Reductase (), Methionine Synthase ) enzymes and of the essential factors (homocysteine, ; cysteine, ; and vitamin B12, ) in folate metabolism.

Are changes in olanzapine-induced liver enzyme levels associated with , , , and gene polymorphisms?

Olanzapine treatment sometimes produces transient liver biochemistry abnormalities, and such drug-induced liver injuries are mainly monitored by measuring blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), whereas alpha-glutathione-S-transferase (α-GST) is not routinely measured in clinics, even though it can serve as an earlier and more specific biomarker of liver damage. Susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury can much depend on the gene polymorphisms regulating the activity of DNA detoxification and repair enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate which of the three liver enzymes - α-GST, ALT, and AST - is the most sensitive biomarker of olanzapine-induced liver injury and how their blood levels are affected by the , , and gene polymorphisms in 30 olanzapine-treated patients.

Monitoring of Essential and Toxic Elements in Multivitamin/Mineral Effervescent Tablet Supplements and Safety Assessment.

Multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements are the most commonly utilized dietary supplements by many populations. However, there is a severe concern about their adverse effects due to elemental impurities. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the levels of 11 elemental impurities (Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, V, Ni, Se, Mo, Cu, and Cr) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and evaluate the human health risk associated with the consumption of 33 MVM effervescent tablet supplements available in Turkey.

The effect of silencing the Tip60 gene on the response to radiotherapy in breast cancer cells.

Since patients with triple-negative breast cancer do not respond to hormone therapy, the main treatment method is the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Because the DNA of the tumor cell is the target in both some chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy, problems may occur in individuals with a high DNA repair pathway. It is suggested that high expression of the Tip60 gene, which has an important role in repairing DNA damage, will increase the repair of DNA double-strand breaks in tumor cells, especially during radiotherapy treatment, thus reducing the response to treatment and adversely affecting treatment.

Impact of clinical pharmacist's interventions on clinical outcomes in appropriate use of colistin: a prospective pre-post intervention study.

This study aims to evaluate the clinical pharmacist's contribution impact on the appropriate use of colistin. Our study was conducted prospectively in patients in the Internal Diseases Intensive Care Unit of Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital for eight months. The first four months of the study were with the observation group, while the next four months were with the intervention group.

Pharmacist's Knowledge and Behaviors Toward Pharmacovigilance and Adverse Drug Reactions Reporting Process in Türkiye.

Objectives: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) increase patient-related morbidity and mortality. Additionally, it is an important public health problem associated with prolonged hospital stay and increasing economic burden. Pharmacovigilance is central to reducing ADRs, so the development and growth of this science is critical to effective and safe clinical practice.

Investigation of mRNA Expression Levels of Tip60 and Related DNA Repair Genes in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer.

Introduction: Studies in breast cancer (BC) have been shown that many tumor cells carry mutations that disrupt the DNA damage response mechanism. In eukaryotic cells, the overexpression or deprivation of DSBs repair genes is linked closely to a higher risk of cancer.

Patients And Methods: In this study, mRNA expression levels of some genes, such as Tip60, ATM, p53, CHK2, BRCA1, H2AX, which are associated with DNA damage repair, were measured using RT-PCR method in tumor and matched-normal tissues of 58 patients with BC.

Association of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms with vitamin D and calcium levels in Turkish multiple sclerosis patients.

The present study was conducted to assess the impact of gene (vitamin D receptor [VDR] polymorphisms) - environment (serum vitamin D and calcium levels) interaction on multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. , , and genotyping were performed in 149 MS patients and 127 controls. We measured serum vitamin D and calcium levels.

Metabolomics mapping changed after olanzapine therapy in drug-naive schizophrenia patients-the significant impact of gene polymorphisms.

Oxidative stress may contribute to the development of schizophrenia and antipsychotics used in schizophrenia treatment may also cause oxidative stress. Gene polymorphisms on antioxidant and repair enzymes are responsible for individual variations and may change the efficacy of olanzapine treatment among schizophrenia patients. In our study, we assessed oxidative stress-related metabolite changes due to genetic polymorphisms on first diagnosed-schizophrenia patients treated with olanzapine.

New therapy strategies in the management of breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC), the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths after lung cancer, is the most common cancer type among women worldwide. BC comprises multiple subtypes based on molecular properties. Depending on the type of BC, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are the current systemic treatment options along with conventional chemotherapy.

Clinical pharmacist assessment of drug-related problems among intensive care unit patients in a Turkish university hospital.

Background: Critically ill patients treated in the intensive care units (ICUs) often suffer from side effects and drug-related problems (DRPs) that can be life-threatening. A way to prevent DRPs and improve drug safety and efficacy is to include clinical pharmacists in the clinical team. This study aims to evaluate the classification of drug-related problems and the implementation of clinical pharmacy services by a clinical pharmacist in the ICU of a university hospital in Turkey.

Evaluation of parental knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotic use in acute upper respiratory tract infections in children under 18 years of age: a cross-sectional study in Turkey.

Background: Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are common in children. Antibiotics still continue to be prescribed although most URTIs are of viral origin. This is inappropriate use and this unnecessary administration contributes or may cause antibiotic resistance.

Individual susceptibility has a major impact on strong association between oxidative stress, defence systems and Parkinson's disease.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which causes Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress products, antioxidant and their balance have important roles in the development of oxidative stress-based PD. The impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and defence systems can be altered by genetic polymorphisms, and thus the risk of PD may also be affected.

COVID-19: Are Experimental Drugs a Cure or Cause?

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new strain of coronavirus. It is characterized by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has quickly influenced all over the world since it spreads easily.

The impact of antimicrobial use on potential major drug-drug interactions in the pediatric Intensive Care Unit patients at University Hospital in Türkiye.

Background: Antimicrobials, especially antibiotics, are among the most widely used drugs in the pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatrics patients in intensive care unit are exposed to potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) and suffered from their adverse and side effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of antimicrobial use on PDDIs, as well as to examine the rate and the risk factors PDDIs, furthermore the management of PDDIs.

The impacts of prominent gene polymorphisms in DNA repair enzymes on Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD), a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease of the brain, is associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Its pathogenesis remains unclear; however, oxidative DNA damage due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is believed to play a major role in the etiology of PD. DNA repair systems can mitigate oxidative DNA damage and help to maintain genomic stability and thus prevent neuronal death.

An overview of microtubule targeting agents for cancer therapy.

The entire world is looking for effective cancer therapies whose benefits would outweigh their toxicity. One way to reduce resistance to chemotherapy and its adverse effects is the so called targeted therapy, which targets specific molecules ("molecular targets") that play a critical role in cancer growth, progression, and metastasis. One such specific target are microtubules.

The association between the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism and addiction in a Turkish population.

Susceptibility to addiction has a complex genetic basis that includes genes associated with the action and metabolism of drugs of abuse. One important gene in that respect is OPRM1, which codes for the μ-opioid receptor and has an important role in mediating the rewarding effects of addiction substances. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of the OPRM1 A118G polymorphism (rs1799971) in Turkish population and to investigate its association with opioid and other substance addiction.

Role of gene polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolism and in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in neurological impairment and disability. There is evidence that adequate vitamin D levels may lower the risk of MS development. The aetiology of MS is complex and involves both genetic and environmental factors.

Hepatotoxicity associated with statins.

Treatment with statins is known all over the world. They are generally considered safe at therapeutic doses. Nevertheless, clinical trials are not enough to assess their scarce adverse effects such as idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (DILI).

Can Sevoflurane Induce Micronuclei Formation in Nasal Epithelial Cells of Adult Patients?

Objective: Volatile anaesthetics can inhibit the bronchociliary clearence in a dose- and time-dependend way. Moreover, they can have potential mutagenic/carcinogenic effects under chronic exposure. A genotoxicity test -micronuclei assay- was carried out in nasal epithelial cells to analyze the genotoxic effect of sevoflurane in adult patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Oxidative stress gene polymorphisms may have an impact in the development of ischemic stroke.

Background: Antioxidants are responsible for detoxification of harmful effects of reactive oxygen species. Genetic factors may influence antioxidant activity as a result of polymorphisms on antioxidant enzymes. These polymorphisms can be risk in ischemic stroke (IS) risk.

The effect of cotinine concentrations in seminal plasma and follicular fluid on the pregnancy outcomes of couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques.

Background/aim: This study determined the effects of cotinine concentrations in follicular fluid (FF) and seminal plasma (SP) on the pregnancy outcome of couples using assisted reproductive techniques (ARTs).

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted as a case-control study. A total of 217 couples were included in the study.

Overview of Systems Biology and Omics Technologies.

Traditional technologies using reductionist approach are relatively insufficient to solve problems in a biological system. Rather than a reductionist approach, systems biology uses a holistic and integrative approach to better figure out the whole process. Both qualitatively and quantitatively of biological system provide information about diseases, toxicities, therapies etc.