Molecular Targets and Small Molecules Modulating Acetyl Coenzyme A in Physiology and Diseases.

Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA), a pivotal regulatory metabolite, is a product of numerous catabolic reactions and a substrate for various anabolic responses. Its role extends to crucial physiological processes, such as glucose homeostasis and free fatty acid utilization. Moreover, acetyl-CoA plays a significant part in reshaping the metabolic microenvironment and influencing the progression of several diseases and conditions, including cancer, insulin resistance, diabetes, heart failure, fear, and neuropathic pain.

Effect of "In Use" Administration on Topical Product Metamorphosis and Skin Permeation of Acyclovir Creams: Implications for Bioequivalence.

Purpose: Typical clinical "in use" conditions for topical semisolids involve their application as a thin film, often with rubbing that can induce metamorphic stress. Yet, product quality and performance tests often characterize the manufactured product, and may not consider product metamorphosis (e.g.

Impact of Different Packaging Configurations on A Topical Cream Product.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate whether different dispensing processes can alter the physicochemical and structural (Q3) attributes of a topical cream product, and potentially alter its performance.

Methods: Acyclovir cream, 5% (Zovirax®) is sold in the UK and other countries in a tube and a pump packaging configurations. The structural attributes of the cream dispensed from each packaging configuration were analyzed by optical microscopy, confocal Raman microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy.

3D Printed Microneedles for the Transdermal Delivery of NAD Precursor: Toward Personalization of Skin Delivery.

3D printing of microneedles (μNDs) for transdermal therapy has the potential to enable patient personalization based on the target disease, site of application, and dosage requirements. To convert this concept to reality, it is necessary that the 3D printing technology can deliver high resolution, an affordable cost, and large print volumes. With the introduction of benchtop 4K and 8K 3D printers, it is now possible to manufacture medical devices like μNDs at sufficient resolution and low cost.

Topical Semisolid Drug Product Critical Quality Attributes with Relevance to Cutaneous Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics: Part I-Bioequivalence of Acyclovir Topical Creams.

Purpose: To develop a toolkit of test methods for characterizing potentially critical quality attributes (CQAs) of topical semisolid products and to evaluate how CQAs influence the rate and extent of active ingredient bioavailability (BA) by monitoring cutaneous pharmacokinetics (PK) using an In Vitro Permeation Test (IVPT).

Methods: Product attributes representing the physicochemical and structural (Q3) arrangement of matter, such as attributes of particles and globules, were assessed for a set of test acyclovir creams (Aciclostad® and Acyclovir 1A Pharma) and compared to a set of reference acyclovir creams (Zovirax® US, Zovirax® UK and Zovirax® Australia). IVPT studies were performed with all these creams using heat-separated human epidermis, evaluated with both, static Franz-type diffusion cells and a flow through diffusion cell system.

Osteoporosis management in Australian aged care facilities: a mixed method study.

Unlabelled: Osteoporosis is a common but sub-optimally managed disease amongst aged care residents. Pharmacists undertaking comprehensive medication reviews is one strategy to improve osteoporosis management. Analysis of pharmacist medication review recommendations has identified common clinical practice issues that can be addressed to optimise osteoporosis management for aged care residents.

Effect of Makeup Use on Depressive Symptoms: An Open, Randomized and Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Depression is one of the most disabling diseases globally, with a high disease burden that generates high direct and indirect costs. The incidence of depression is twofold higher in adult women than in men. Biological and psychosocial factors constitute the pathophysiological bases of the condition and due to the complexity of the condition, current understanding is that the "treatment strategy must be multimodal".

A Novel Handrub Tablet Loaded with Pre- and Post-Biotic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Combining Virucidal Activity and Maintenance of the Skin Barrier and Microbiome.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a holobiont tablet with rapid dispersibility to provide regulation of the microbiota, virucidal activity, and skin barrier protection.

Methods: A 2 factorial experiment was planned to define the best formulation for the development of the base tablet, using average weight, hardness, dimensions, swelling rate, and disintegration time as parameters to be analyzed. To produce holobiont tablets, the chosen base formulation was fabricated by direct compression of prebiotics, postbiotics, and excipients.

Local Enteritidis restaurant outbreak investigation in England provides further evidence for eggs as source in widespread international cluster, March to April 2023.

We report a 5-single nucleotide polymorphism cluster of Enteriditis in England, part of a global cluster of Enteritidis ST11. Forty-seven confirmed cases have been investigated of whom 25 were linked to a restaurant. In addition, there were 18 probable cases with restaurant exposure.

Perceptions and practices of aged care pharmacists regarding osteoporosis management: a qualitative study.

Background: Osteoporosis is a common but sub-optimally managed disease among aged care residents. Although pharmacists are one of the key healthcare providers responsible for osteoporosis medication management there is limited research on their involvement.

Aim: This study explored the perceptions and practices of Australian pharmacists regarding osteoporosis management for aged care residents.

Development of a Nanotechnology Matrix-Based Citronella Oil Insect Repellent to Obtain a Prolonged Effect and Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy.

Mosquito-borne diseases affect millions of people worldwide each year, and the use of a topically applied insect repellent is an economically viable preventative health practice. The general objective of this work was to encapsulate citronella oil (CO) in a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) to formulate a topical repellent with a long duration of efficacy on the skin and a good safety profile based on minimizing skin penetration. In the studied CO, the main chemical constituents of geraniol, citronellal, and citronellol were identified and subsequently used as markers for the in vitro skin permeation testing (IVPT).

A Promising Ultra-Small Unilamellar Carrier System for Enhanced Skin Delivery of α-Mangostin as an Anti-Age-Spot Serum.

If it can be effectively delivered to its site of action, α-mangostin has potential in development of novel cosmeceuticals due to its melanogenesis-blocking activity. The aim of this study was to develop an ultra-small unilamellar carrier system for α-mangostin and to evaluate its effect as an anti-age-spot serum on humans in vivo. The ultra-small unilamellar carrier bases were optimized using a 25 factorial design, with five factors (virgin coconut oil, soy lecithin, Tween 80, and stirring duration and speed) and two levels (low and high); response of droplet size was analyzed using Design Expert 12®.

Characterisation of the Molecular Mechanism of Permeation of the Prodrug Me-5ALA across the Human Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

The barrier imposed by the outer layer of the skin, the , creates an almost impermeable environment for exogenous substances. Few lipophilic drugs with low molecular mass can passively diffuse through this layer, highlighting the need to develop methods to enable the delivery of more drugs via the transdermal route. The prodrug approach involves modifying the structure of a drug molecule to enhance its permeability across the skin, but it is often difficult to predict how exactly changes in chemical structure affect permeation.

Genetic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Norway rats in Boston, Massachusetts.

Background: Despite the importance of domesticated animals in the generation and transmission of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, the role of wild animals, specifically rodents, in the ecology of S. aureus remains unclear. We recovered and genotyped S.

Reliability of a standardized tool for evaluating severity of cellulite in the female posterior thigh.

Unlabelled: Numerous products and minimally-invasive procedures are available to reduce cellulite. However, there are a limited number of tools to evaluate the effects of these interventions and some are relatively complex to implement.

Objective: This study evaluated the reliability of a standardized grading system for scoring the overall severity of cellulite on the posterior thigh.

Supportive Care for Patients with Lymphoma Undergoing CAR-T-cell Therapy: the Advanced Practice Provider's Perspective.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of our paper is to describe the all-encompassing supportive care for patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma undergoing cellular therapy, with a focus on the advanced practice provider's (APPs) perspective.

Recent Findings: Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy has become more available for treating relapsed or refractory B-cell hematologic malignancies, requiring proficient and adequate treatment of side effects, complications, and infections that may occur during therapy. APPs often meet these patients during the initial referral and help to support them through the CAR-T cell therapy process.

Pharmacist interventions in osteoporosis management: a systematic review.

Unlabelled: Internationally, there is an osteoporosis treatment gap, which pharmacists may assist in closing. This review identifies pharmacist interventions for improving osteoporosis management and evaluates their effectiveness. Pharmacist interventions are shown to improve osteoporosis management in terms of increasing investigation and treatment commencement and osteoporosis therapy adherence.

Dissolvable polymer microneedles for drug delivery and diagnostics.

Dissolvable transdermal microneedles (μND) are promising micro-devices used to transport a wide selection of active compounds into the skin. To provide an effective therapeutic outcome, μNDs must pierce the human stratum corneum (~10 to 20 μm), without rupturing or bending during penetration, then release their cargo at the predetermined area and time. The ability of dissolvable μND arrays/patches to sufficiently pierce the skin is a crucial requirement, which depends on the material composition, μND geometry and fabrication techniques.

Advances and future perspectives in epithelial drug delivery.

Epithelial surfaces protect exposed tissues in the body against intrusion of foreign materials, including xenobiotics, pollen and microbiota. The relative permeability of the various epithelia reflects their extent of exposure to the external environment and is in the ranking: intestinal≈ nasal ≥ bronchial ≥ tracheal > vaginal ≥ rectal > blood-perilymph barrier (otic), corneal > buccal > skin. Each epithelium also varies in their morphology, biochemistry, physiology, immunology and external fluid in line with their function.

Application of Confocal Raman Microscopy for the Characterization of Topical Semisolid Formulations and their Penetration into Human Skin Ex Vivo.

Purpose: The quality testing and approval procedure for most pharmaceutical products is a streamlined process with standardized procedures for the determination of critical quality attributes. However, the evaluation of semisolid dosage forms for topical drug delivery remains a challenging task. The work presented here highlights confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) as a valuable tool for the characterization of such products.

Evaluation of novel conjugated resveratrol polymeric nanoparticles in reduction of plasma degradation, hepatic metabolism and its augmentation of anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo.

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural product with multiple biological benefits including anticancer properties. Unfortunately, its biological benefits are limited by its low bioavailability and rapid hepatic metabolism and degradation in the body. The aim of this study was to develop an effective delivery system for RSV that would enhance the plasmatic stability and decrease the metabolism rate of RSV through a dual strategy of chemical modification and nanoparticle formulation.

Comparison of physical enhancement technologies in the skin permeation of methyl amino levulinic acid (mALA).

Physical drug delivery enhancement in skin has been shown to enhance cosmeceutical actives efficacy. Among the physical drug delivery enhancement technologies, microneedle is the most commercially successful technology. However, there are pros and cons like other physical enhancement technologies including variabilities in penetration depth and lack of efficacy.

Topical drug delivery: History, percutaneous absorption, and product development.

Topical products, widely used to manage skin conditions, have evolved from simple potions to sophisticated delivery systems. Their development has been facilitated by advances in percutaneous absorption and product design based on an increasingly mechanistic understanding of drug-product-skin interactions, associated experiments, and a quality-by-design framework. Topical drug delivery involves drug transport from a product on the skin to a local target site and then clearance by diffusion, metabolism, and the dermal circulation to the rest of the body and deeper tissues.