Associations of amyloid-β oligomers and plaques with neuropathology in the mouse.

Amyloid-β pathology and neurofibrillary tangles lead to glial activation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the relationships between the levels of amyloid-β oligomers, amyloid-β plaques, glial activation and markers related to neurodegeneration in the triple mutation mouse line and in a knock-in line homozygous for the common human amyloid precursor protein ( mouse). The relationships between neuropathological features were characterized with immunohistochemistry and imaging mass cytometry.

Differential methylation analysis in neuropathologically confirmed dementia with Lewy bodies.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is a common form of dementia in the elderly population. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation mapping of cerebellar tissue from pathologically confirmed DLB cases and controls to study the epigenetic profile of this understudied disease. After quality control filtering, 728,197 CpG-sites in 278 cases and 172 controls were available for the analysis.

Locus Coeruleus Pathology Indicates a Continuum of Lewy Body Dementia.

Background: Lewy body dementia (LBD) has two main phenotypes: Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), separated by the 'one-year-rule'. They also show different symptom profiles: core DLB features include fluctuating cognition, REM-sleep behaviur disorder, and visual hallucinations. These symptoms are sometimes present in PDD, representing an intermediate 'PDD-DLB' phenotype.

Iron and inflammation: in vivo and post-mortem studies in Parkinson's disease.

In these present studies, in vivo and and post-mortem studies have investigated the association between iron and inflammation. Early-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, of less than 5 years disease duration, showed associations of plasmatic ferritin concentrations with both proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and hepcidin, a regulator of iron metabolism as well as clinical measures. In addition ratios of plasmatic ferritin and iron accumulation in deep grey matter nuclei assessed with relaxometry T2* inversely correlated with disease severity and duration of PD.

Selective vulnerability in α-synucleinopathies.

Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy are neurodegenerative disorders resulting in progressive motor/cognitive deficits among other symptoms. They are characterised by stereotypical brain cell loss accompanied by the formation of proteinaceous aggregations of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn), being, therefore, termed α-synucleinopathies. Although the presence of α-syn inclusions is a common hallmark of these disorders, the exact nature of the deposited protein is specific to each disease.

Rare histotype of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, clinically suspected as corticobasal degeneration.

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that can mimic other neurological disorders. We present a case of sCJD in a 64-year-old man that presented with corticobasal syndrome and survived for 3 years. He presented initially with dementia, hemiparkinsonism and alien limb phenomenon and was diagnosed with corticobasal degeneration, ultimately progressing to immobility and akinetic mutism.

Author Correction: Next generation histology methods for three-dimensional imaging of fresh and archival human brain tissues.

In the original version of this Article, the concentration of boric acid buffer for the SDS clearing solution was given incorrectly as '1 M sodium borate' and should have read '0.2 M boric acid'. Also, the composition of PBST incorrectly read '1% Triton X-100 (vol/vol) and 0.

Next generation histology methods for three-dimensional imaging of fresh and archival human brain tissues.

Modern clearing techniques for the three-dimensional (3D) visualisation of neural tissue microstructure have been very effective when used on rodent brain but very few studies have utilised them on human brain material, mainly due to the inherent difficulties in processing post-mortem tissue. Here we develop a tissue clearing solution, OPTIClear, optimised for fresh and archival human brain tissue, including formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material. In light of practical challenges with immunostaining in tissue clearing, we adapt the use of cresyl violet for visualisation of neurons in cleared tissue, with the potential for 3D quantification in regions of interest.