Leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses in the vicious circle of neglect.

The global priorities in the field of infectious diseases are constantly changing. While emerging viral infections have regularly dominated public health attention, which has only intensified after the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous bacterial diseases have previously caused, and continue to cause, significant morbidity and mortality-deserving equal attention. Three potentially life-threatening endemic bacterial diseases (leptospirosis, melioidosis, and rickettsioses) are a huge public health concern especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Medication compliance by cat owners prescribed treatment for home administration.

Background: Most veterinary literature examining medication compliance has described the phenomenon in dogs. The evidence available regarding factors affecting cat owner medication compliance is limited.

Objectives: Identify and describe factors associated with cat owners' noncompliance with veterinary recommendations for pet medications, as well as client-reported barriers and aids to administering medications prescribed by primary care veterinarians.

Molecular detection of in birds: a systematic review.

Hierarchical molecular testing is recommended for the detection of avian .Key molecular tests for surveillance were conventional PCR and quantitative PCR.The most used genomic target to detect in birds was the gene.

Factors Associated with Medication Noncompliance in Dogs in New Zealand.

Client compliance with prescribed medication instructions to treat their pets is a concern. This study describes factors associated with the noncompliance of dog owners with veterinary recommendations for medication, as well as client-reported barriers and aids to administering medications. A cross-sectional survey of dog owners' compliance with veterinary medication recommendations was performed from 9 January 2019 to 18 July 2020.

Steps towards operationalizing One Health approaches.

One Health recognizes the health of humans, agriculture, wildlife, and the environment are interrelated. The concept has been embraced by international health and environmental authorities such as WHO, WOAH, FAO, and UNEP, but One Health approaches have been more practiced by researchers than national or international authorities. To identify priorities for operationalizing One Health beyond research contexts, we conducted 41 semi-structured interviews with professionals across One Health sectors (public health, environment, agriculture, wildlife) and institutional contexts, who focus on national-scale and international applications.

"We don't really do doctors." messages from people diagnosed with occupational leptospirosis for medical professionals on infection, hospitalisation, and long-term effects.

Leptospirosis is largely an occupational disease for people working with livestock in Aotearoa New Zealand. Introduction of livestock vaccination and use of personal protective equipment has been associated with a reduction in the incidence. However, the incidence of occupational leptospirosis remains high, with significant burdens for affected families and healthcare system.

A cross-sectional investigation of Leptospira at the wildlife-livestock interface in New Zealand.

There has been a recent upsurge in human cases of leptospirosis in New Zealand, with wildlife a suspected emerging source, but up-to-date knowledge on this topic is lacking. We conducted a cross-sectional study in two farm environments to estimate Leptospira seroprevalence in wildlife and sympatric livestock, PCR/culture prevalence in wildlife, and compare seroprevalence and prevalence between species, sex, and age groups. Traps targeting house mice (Mus musculus), black rats (Rattus rattus), hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were set for 10 trap-nights in March-April 2017 on a dairy (A) and a beef and sheep (B) farm.

Molecular typing of spp. in farmed and wild mammals reveals new host-serovar associations in New Zealand.

Aims: To apply molecular typing to DNA isolated from historical samples to determine spp. infecting farmed and wild mammals in New Zealand.

Materials And Methods: DNA samples used in this study were extracted from urine, serum or kidney samples (or spp.

The characterisation of antimicrobial resistant from dairy calves.

Dairy calves, particularly pre-weaned calves have been identified as a common source of multidrug resistant (MDR) . strains isolated from dairy calves and the location of their resistance genes (plasmid or chromosomal) have not been well characterised. To characterise the phenotypic and genotypic features as well as the population structure of antimicrobial-resistant isolated from calves located on dairy farms that feed waste-milk to their replacement calves.

Leptospirosis in Aotearoa New Zealand: Protocol for a Nationwide Case-Control Study.

Background: In Aotearoa New Zealand, 90% of patients with notified leptospirosis (a zoonotic bacterial disease) have been men working in agricultural industries. However, since 2008, the epidemiology of notified cases has been gradually changing, that is, more women are affected; there are more cases associated with occupations traditionally not considered high risk in New Zealand; infecting serovars have changed; and many patients experience symptoms long after infection. We hypothesized that there is a shift in leptospirosis transmission patterns with substantial burden on affected patients and their families.

An exploratory qualitative enquiry into workers' experiences of leptospirosis and post-leptospirosis in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Aims: This pilot study describes the experiences of six people who reported post-leptospirosis symptoms. Our aim was to perform an exploratory qualitative study to document participants' experiences and to identify themes to gain understanding of the impact and burden experienced.

Methods: Participants self-recruited, meaning they had directly contacted the first author prior to the study commencing and had offered to tell their stories.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales associated with urinary tract infections in the New Zealand community: a case-control study.

Objectives: To assess whether having a pet in the home is a risk factor for community-acquired urinary tract infections associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- or AmpC β-lactamase (ACBL)- producing Enterobacterales.

Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted between August 2015 and September 2017. Cases (n = 141) were people with community-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by ESBL- or ACBL-producing Enterobacterales.

Carriage of by clinically normal dogs in Canterbury, New Zealand.

Aims: To investigate the frequency of carriage of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant (MRSP) in a population of clinically normal dogs within the Christchurch and wider Canterbury region, an area in which MRSP has been detected.

Methods: Buccal and perianal swabs were collected from 126 clinically normal dogs presenting at veterinary clinics in the Christchurch/Canterbury region for de-sexing or routine vaccination. was isolated by selective culture.

A balancing act: interactions within NuA4/TIP60 regulate picNuA4 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and humans.

The NuA4 lysine acetyltransferase complex acetylates histone and nonhistone proteins and functions in transcription regulation, cell cycle progression, and DNA repair. NuA4 harbors an interesting duality in that its catalytic module can function independently and distinctly as picNuA4. At the molecular level, picNuA4 anchors to its bigger brother via physical interactions between the C-terminus of Epl1 and the HSA domain of Eaf1, the NuA4 central scaffolding subunit.

Longitudinal Testing of Antibodies in Horses Located near a Leptospirosis Outbreak in Alpacas.

The objectives of this study were to determine if horses located near an outbreak of leptospirosis in alpacas had titres indicative of a previous or current infection and, if so, to determine the magnitude in change of titres over time. Further, the objective was to determine if horses with high titre results were shedding in their urine. Blood samples were collected from twelve horses located on or next to the farm with the outbreak in alpacas, on day zero and at four subsequent time points (two, four, six and nine weeks).

Using a Card Sort Technique to Determine the Perceptions of First-Year Veterinary Students on Veterinary Professionalism Attributes Important to Future Success in Clinical Practice.

First-year veterinary students' perceptions on the veterinary professionalism attributes important to future success in clinical practice were explored using a card sort technique. The key findings were that self-oriented attributes (overall mean: 3.20; 42% of responses rated essential) and people-oriented attributes (overall mean: 3.

Genomic adaptations of Campylobacter jejuni to long-term human colonization.

Background: Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that has been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals, and the environments they inhabit around the world. Campylobacter adapt to new environments by changes in their gene content and expression, but little is known about how they adapt to long-term human colonization. In this study, the genomes of 31 isolates from a New Zealand patient and 22 isolates from a United Kingdom patient belonging to Campylobacter jejuni sequence type 45 (ST45) were compared with 209 ST45 genomes from other sources to identify the mechanisms by which Campylobacter adapts to long-term human colonization.

Risk Factors for Hospitalisation amongst Leptospirosis Patients in New Zealand.

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonotic disease that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions such as Oceania, which includes New Zealand. The incidence rate of leptospirosis in New Zealand remains high in comparison to other high-income countries, with over half of the notified patients hospitalised, and the factors associated with hospitalisation are poorly understood. This study aimed to estimate the risk factors for hospitalisation amongst leptospirosis patients using passive surveillance data: notifications from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2017 extracted from New Zealand's notifiable disease database.

Of Mice, Cattle, and Men: A Review of the Eco-Epidemiology of Serovar Ballum.

In New Zealand (NZ), leptospirosis is a mostly occupational zoonosis, with >66% of the recently notified cases being farm or abattoir workers. Livestock species independently maintain serovar Hardjo and serovar Pomona, and both are included in livestock vaccines. The increasing importance in human cases of Ballum, a serovar associated with wildlife, suggests that wildlife may be an overlooked source of infection.

The epidemiology of AmpC-producing isolated from dairy cattle faeces on pasture-fed farms.

Antibiotic use, particularly amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in dairy farming, has been associated with an increased incidence of AmpC-hyperproducing . There is limited information on the incidence of AmpC-hyperproducing from seasonal pasture-fed dairy farms. We undertook a New Zealand wide cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of AmpC-producing carried by dairy cattle.

Spread of Nontyphoidal Salmonella in the Beef Supply Chain in Northern Tanzania: Sensitivity in a Probabilistic Model Integrating Microbiological Data and Data from Stakeholder Interviews.

East Africa is a hotspot for foodborne diseases, including infection by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS), a zoonotic pathogen that may originate from livestock. Urbanization and increased demand for animal protein drive intensification of livestock production and food processing, creating risks and opportunities for food safety. We built a probabilistic mathematical model, informed by prior beliefs and dedicated stakeholder interviews and microbiological research, to describe sources and prevalence of NTS along the beef supply chain in Moshi, Tanzania.

Identification of pathogenic Leptospira species and serovars in New Zealand using metabarcoding.

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance. The breadth of Leptospira diversity associated with both human and animal disease poses major logistical challenges to the use of classical diagnostic techniques, and increasingly molecular diagnostic tools are used for their detection. In New Zealand, this has resulted in an increase in positive cases reported nationally that have not been attributed to the infecting serovar or genomospecies.