Population-based assessment of kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus DNA in plasma among Ugandans.

Risk of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is linked to detection of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) DNA in plasma, but little is known about the prevalence and risk factors for plasma KSHV DNA detection among the general population where KS is endemic. Correlates of KSHV plasma detection were investigated in a population-based sample of adult Ugandans (15-59 years) who participated in an HIV/AIDS serobehavioral survey in 2004/2005. KSHV DNA was measured in plasma of 1,080 KSHV seropositive and 356 KSHV seronegative persons using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

A population-based study of Kaposi Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus seropositivity in Uganda using principal components analysis.

Background: Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) seropositivity is associated with sexual, environmental, and socioeconomic exposures. Whether these characteristics are independent risk factors is uncertain because of reliance on selected high-risk or hospital-based populations and incomplete adjustment for confounding. Therefore, we evaluated risk factors for KSHV seropositivity in a population-based study in Uganda using principal components analysis (PCA).

Human herpesvirus 8 seropositivity among sexually active adults in Uganda.

Introduction: Sexual transmission of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has been implicated among homosexual men, but the evidence for sexual transmission among heterosexual individuals is controversial. We investigated the role of sexual transmission of HHV8 in a nationally representative sample in Uganda, where HHV8 infection is endemic and transmitted mostly during childhood.

Materials And Methods: The study population was a subset of participants (n = 2681) from a population-based HIV/AIDS serobehavioral survey of adults aged 15-59 years conducted in 2004/2005.

Sex and geographic patterns of human herpesvirus 8 infection in a nationally representative population‐based sample in Uganda.

Background: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8), the infectious cause of Kaposi sarcoma, varies dramatically across Africa, suggesting that cofactors correlated with large-area geographic or environmental characteristics may influence risk of infection. Variation in HHV8 seropositivity across small-area regions within countries in Africa is unknown. We investigated this issue in Uganda, where Kaposi sarcoma distribution is uneven and well described.

Human herpesvirus type 8 variants circulating in Europe, Africa and North America in classic, endemic and epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma lesions during pre-AIDS and AIDS era.

Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) variants have been found heterogeneously distributed among human populations living in diverse geographic regions, but their differential pathogenicity in Kaposi's sarcoma development remains controversial. In the present study, HHV-8 variant distribution has been analyzed in classic, iatrogenic, endemic as well as epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) during pre-AIDS and AIDS period (1971-2008) in countries with different KS incidence rate. DNA samples from cutaneous KS lesions of 68 patients living in Africa (n=23, Cameroon, Kenya and Uganda), Europe (n=34, Greece and Italy) and North America (n=11) have been subjected to PCR amplification of HHV-8 ORF 26, T0.

Hepatitis B infection is highly endemic in Uganda: findings from a national serosurvey.

Background: Infant immunization against hepatitis B began in Uganda in 2002.

Objective: To determine the baseline prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and explore risk factors.

Methods: A hepatitis B prevalence study was nested in the 2005 national HIV/AIDS serobehavioural survey.

Comparison of HIV prevalence estimates from sentinel surveillance and a national population-based survey in Uganda, 2004-2005.

Objective: HIV programs in generalized epidemics have traditionally relied on antenatal clinic (ANC) sentinel surveillance data to guide prevention and to model epidemic trends. ANC data, however, come from a subset of the population, and their representativeness of the population has been debated.

Methods: Data from a national population-based Uganda HIV/AIDS Sero-Behavioral Survey (UHSBS) were compared with those from ANC sentinel surveillance.

Human herpesvirus 8 load and progression of AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma lesions.

Introduction: Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) is necessary for Kaposi sarcoma (KS) to develop, but whether peripheral blood viral load is a marker of KS burden (total number of KS lesions), KS progression (the rate of eruption of new KS lesions), or both is unclear. We investigated these relationships in persons with AIDS.

Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with AIDS-related KS attending Mulago Hospital, in Kampala, Uganda, were assessed for KS burden and progression by questionnaire and medical examination.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of HIV type 1 subtypes A and D in women attending antenatal clinics in Uganda.

To monitor the relative prevalence and evolutionary trends of HIV-1 in Uganda, we conducted a retrospective study of pregnant women over the time period 1989-2000. From a total of 300 women sampled, we defined subtypes by heteroduplex mobility assay for 230 subjects and by partial sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the env gene for 216 subjects. Subtypes A and D were most prevalent, and there were no significant trends in relative frequencies of subtypes A (45%), D (41%), C (5%), or recombinants (9%) over the 11 years sampled.

Absence of Y-chromosome sequences in tumors from African women with AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) occurs with relatively high frequency in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and in patients with AIDS. Recently, Italian investigators reported transplant-related KS tumors bearing donor-derived antigens, suggesting possible parenteral transmission of KS as whole cells, i.e.

A high prevalence of HIV-1 infection among pregnant women living in a rural district of north Uganda severely affected by civil strife.

This study aims at estimating the recent trends in HIV-1 prevalence and the factors associated with infection among pregnant women in the Gulu District of north Uganda, a rural area severely affected by civil strife. In 2000-2003, a total of 4459 antenatal clinic attendees of Lacor Hospital were anonymously tested for HIV-1 infection. The overall and age-specific prevalence did not show any significant trend over time.

TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and risk of conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in Uganda.

Background: The most common TP53 gene polymorphism, which alters the amino acid sequence of the oncosuppressor p53 protein, is located at the codon 72, resulting in either Pro72 or Arg72 p53 variant. Several studies have associated this polymorphism with different types of cancer. We have analyzed the distribution and the role of TP53 Arg72 and Pro72 alleles in conjunctival neoplasia.

HIV risk perception and prevalence in a program for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission: comparison of women who accept voluntary counseling and testing and those tested anonymously.

Objective: To determine whether data from voluntary counseling and testing (VCT)/prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs can be used for HIV surveillance.

Methods: Women attending an antenatal clinic at the district hospital in Entebbe, Uganda, from May 2002 to April 2003 were offered counseling and HIV testing with same-day results (VCT) and nevirapine for PMTCT was provided for HIV-positive women and their babies. Those who declined VCT were tested for HIV anonymously.