Epidemiology of Judo-Related Injuries in 21 Seasons of Competitions in France: A Prospective Study of Relevant Traumatic Injuries.

Background: Judo is a full-contact fighting sport that may lead to severe injuries. There are limited data available on the incidence of judo-related injuries. The French Judo Federation has established a surveillance system to document the frequency and type of injuries during judo competitions.

About a singular anatomic specimen given by Dominique Larrey to Paris medical school.

The Dupuytren Museum in Paris has a remarkable anatomic specimen which figures in the surgeon Larrey's works of 1812 and 1829. It consists of a soldier's skull impaled by the ramrod of the musket of one of his co-soldiers. The wounded soldier survived two days with this ramrod through his head.

[In the footsteps of Dr. François Ribes, surgeon of the 1st division of the so-called ambulance of the battlefield].

François Ribes was a surgeon at Emperor Napoleon's so called ambulance of the battle field but he is not well known despite his high offices. On his record of service there are 20 battles, 17 fights and 3 sieges during the Revolution and Empire. Beside his numerous campaigns he was a surgeon at the parisian Invalides Hospital and was highly thought of as a good anatomist.

[Amputation and equipment of the lower limb during the Revolution and the Empire].

During the French Revolution and Napoleon's campaigns, above-knee or below-knee amputations were performed either immediately or with a delay, which favoured septic problems. A rapidly operated amputation by a well-trained surgeon was the best way to save the life of a soldier who suffered from an open comminuted fracture of a limb. The conditions on military campaigns were indeed hard ones: doctors and surgeons had practically no resources and the transportation of severely injured persons was difficult.