Urine Metabolite Profiles after the Consumption of a Low- and a High-Digestible Protein Meal, and Comparison of Urine Normalization Techniques.

In the context of dietary transition toward plant proteins, it is necessary to ensure protein security in populations. It would thus be of interest to identify biomarkers of altered protein digestibility in populations. We examined the association between urinary metabolites and the acute intake of low- or highly digestible protein in healthy volunteers.

Long-term impact of a community-based adapted boxing program on physical functioning and quality of life of individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Background: Adapted boxing can help improve the physical functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Whether these benefits persist longitudinally is unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of a community-based adapted boxing program on the physical functioning and HRQoL of individuals with PD over 1-1.

Strain-specific changes in nucleus accumbens transcriptome and motivation for palatable food reward in mice exposed to maternal separation.

Introduction: In humans, adversity in childhood exerts enduring effects on brain and increases the vulnerability to psychiatric diseases. It also leads to a higher risk of eating disorders and obesity. Maternal separation (MS) in mice has been used as a of stress during infancy.

The Anxiolytic-like Properties of a Tryptic Hydrolysate of Bovine α Casein Containing α-Casozepine Rely on GABA Receptor Benzodiazepine Binding Sites but Not the Vagus Nerve.

(1) Background: A tryptic hydrolysate of bovine α-casein (CH) exerts anxiolytic-like properties in many species, including humans. This is mainly related to the presence of α-casozepine (α-CZP), which yields these properties in rodents. This study evaluates, in a rat model, the roles of the vagus nerve and the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA receptors in the mode of action of CH.

Effect of age, gender, and time of day on pain-to-call times in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the CLOC’AGE study.

Background: The time lapse between onset of symptoms and a call to an emergency dispatch center (pain-to-call time) is a critical prognostic factor in patients with chest pain. It is therefore important to identify factors related to delays in calling for help.

Objectives: To analyze whether age, gender, or time of day influence the pain-to-call delay in patients with acute STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Food protein-derived anxiolytic peptides: their potential role in anxiety management.

About one in three people are affected by anxiety disorders during their lifetime. Anxiety episodes can be brief due to a stressful event, but anxiety disorders can last at least 6 months. A wide variety of therapeutic drugs are available for the treatment of anxiety disorders, but due to the associated side effects of these anxiolytics, it is interesting to find alternatives.

Behavioural and neurochemical mechanisms underpinning the feeding-suppressive effect of GLP-1/CCK combinatorial therapy.

Objectives: Combinatorial therapies are under intense investigation to develop more efficient anti-obesity drugs; however, little is known about how they act in the brain to produce enhanced anorexia and weight loss. The goal of this study was to identify the brain sites and neuronal populations engaged during the co-administration of GLP-1R and CCK1R agonists, an efficient combination therapy in obese rodents.

Methods: We measured acute and long-term feeding and body weight responses and neuronal activation patterns throughout the neuraxis and in specific neuronal subsets in response to GLP-1R and CCK1R agonists administered alone or in combination in lean and high-fat diet fed mice.

Protein metabolism and related body function: mechanistic approaches and health consequences.

The development and maintenance of body composition and functions require an adequate protein intake with a continuous supply of amino acids (AA) to tissues. Body pool and AA cellular concentrations are tightly controlled and maintained through AA supply (dietary intake, recycled from proteolysis and de novo synthesis), AA disposal (protein synthesis and other AA-derived molecules) and AA losses (deamination and oxidation). Different molecular regulatory pathways are involved in the control of AA sufficiency including the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1, the general control non-derepressible 2/activating transcription factor 4 system or the fibroblast growth factor 21.

Very low ileal nitrogen and amino acid digestibility of zein compared to whey protein isolate in healthy volunteers.

Background: Whey protein and zein are of nutritional interest due to their high leucine content, but little data are available on their amino acid (AA) ileal digestibility.

Objective: This study aimed to determine ileal digestibility of whey protein isolate (WPI) and zein in healthy volunteers by use of the naso-ileal intubation method, which allows continuous collection of postprandial ileal digesta.

Methods: Twenty-two healthy volunteers were intubated with a naso-ileal sampling device positioned at the terminal ileum level.

Anxiolytic Activity and Brain Modulation Pattern of the α-Casozepine-Derived Pentapeptide YLGYL in Mice.

α-Casozepine (α-CZP) is an anxiolytic-like bioactive decapeptide derived from bovine α‑casein. The N-terminal peptide YLGYL was previously identified after proteolysis of the original peptide in an digestion model. Its putative anxiolytic-like properties were evaluated in a Swiss mice model using a light/dark box (LDB) after an intraperitoneal injection (0.

Expanding the search for genetic biomarkers of Parkinson's disease into the living brain.

Altered gene expression related to Parkinson's Disease (PD) has not been described in the living brain, yet this information may support novel discovery pertinent to disease pathophysiology and treatment. This study compared the transcriptome in brain biopsies obtained from living PD and Control patients. To evaluate the novelty of this data, a comprehensive literature review also compared differentially expressed gene (DEGs) identified in the current study with those reported in PD cadaveric brain and peripheral tissues.

Decision to deploy coronary reperfusion is not affected by the volume of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients managed by prehospital emergency medical teams.

Objective: Mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been associated with the volume of activity of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) facilities. This observational study investigated whether the coronary reperfusion-decision rate is associated with the volume of activity in a prehospital emergency setting.

Methods: Prospectively collected data for the period 2003-2013 were extracted from a regional registry of all STEMI patients handled by eight dispatch centers (SAMUs) in and around Paris [41 mobile ICU (MICUs)].

Incidence, Mortality, and Outcome-Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Arrest Complicating Myocardial Infarction Prior to Hospital Admission.

Background: Mortality of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) decreased drastically, mainly through reduction in inhospital mortality. Prehospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) became one of the most feared complications. We assessed the incidence, outcome, and prognosis' predictors of prehospital SCA occurring after emergency medical services (EMS) arrival.

Evolution of ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction Prevalence by Gender Assessed Age Pyramid Analysis-The Piramyd Study.

Introduction: Recent studies reported a decrease in the incidence of acute myocardial infarction. This favorable evolution does not extend to young women. The interaction between gender, risk factors and myocardial infarction incidence remains controversial.

The Protein Status of Rats Affects the Rewarding Value of Meals Due to their Protein Content.

Background: Protein status is controlled by the brain, which modulates feeding behavior to prevent protein deficiency.

Objective: This study tested in rats whether protein status modulates feeding behavior through brain reward pathways.

Methods: Experiments were conducted in male Wistar rats (mean ± SD weight; 230 ± 16 g).

Preclinical outcomes of Intratumoral Modulation Therapy for glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the leading cause of high fatality cancer arising within the adult brain. Electrotherapeutic approaches offer new promise for GBM treatment by exploiting innate vulnerabilities of cancer cells to low intensity electric fields. This report describes the preclinical outcomes of a novel electrotherapeutic strategy called Intratumoral Modulation Therapy (IMT) that uses an implanted stimulation system to deliver sustained, titratable, low intensity electric fields directly across GBM-affected brain regions.

CRHR1 exacerbates the glial inflammatory response and alters BDNF/TrkB/pCREB signaling in a rat model of global cerebral ischemia: implications for neuroprotection and cognitive recovery.

This study examined the impact of corticotropin-releasing hormone type 1 receptor (CRHR1) blockade using Antalarmin (ANT) on the expression of markers of neuroplasticity and inflammation, as well as neuroprotection and behavioral recovery following global cerebral ischemia. Male Wistar rats (N=50) were treated with ANT (2μg/2μl; icv) or a vehicle solution prior to a sham or four vessel (4VO) occlusion. Seven days post ischemia, anxiety was assessed in the Elevated Plus Maze and Open Field tests, and fear and spatial learning in a Y-Maze Passive Avoidance Task and the Barnes Maze.

Chemotherapy-triggered cathepsin B release in myeloid-derived suppressor cells activates the Nlrp3 inflammasome and promotes tumor growth.

Chemotherapeutic agents are widely used for cancer treatment. In addition to their direct cytotoxic effects, these agents harness the host's immune system, which contributes to their antitumor activity. Here we show that two clinically used chemotherapeutic agents, gemcitabine (Gem) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU), activate the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing-3 protein (Nlrp3)-dependent caspase-1 activation complex (termed the inflammasome) in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), leading to production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which curtails anticancer immunity.

Neuropilin-2 expression promotes TGF-β1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells.

Neuropilins, initially characterized as neuronal receptors, act as co-receptors for cancer related growth factors and were recently involved in several signaling pathways leading to cytoskeletal organization, angiogenesis and cancer progression. Then, we sought to investigate the ability of neuropilin-2 to orchestrate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells. Using specific siRNA to target neuropilin-2 expression, or gene transfer, we first observed that neuropilin-2 expression endows HT29 and Colo320 for xenograft formation.

Membrane-associated Hsp72 from tumor-derived exosomes mediates STAT3-dependent immunosuppressive function of mouse and human myeloid-derived suppressor cells.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been identified in humans and mice as a population of immature myeloid cells with the ability to suppress T cell activation. They accumulate in tumor-bearing mice and humans and have been shown to contribute to cancer development. Here, we have isolated tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) from mouse cell lines and shown that an interaction between TDE-associated Hsp72 and MDSCs determines the suppressive activity of the MDSCs via activation of Stat3.