Ethnic disparities in out-of-pocket expense on medicines in Peru: Evidence from a nationwide survey.

Background: Despite improvements in health insurance coverage, out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending remains a public health issue in Peru, and OOP payment has implications for disease treatment in ethnic minorities. We aimed to analyze the ethnic disparities in the OOP payment and estimate the gaps related to observable risk factors in the OOP payment on medicines by ethnic conditions during 2014-2016 in Peru.

Study Design: cross-sectional study.

Association between symptoms of COVID-19 infection and adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes in pregnant women at a referral hospital.

Objectives.: To determine the association between symptoms of COVID-19 infection and adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes in pregnant women from a referral hospital.

Materials And Methods.

Association between the Expression of Sexual Orientation and/or Gender Identity and Mental Health Perceptions in the Peruvian LGBTI Population.

Introduction: The non-expression of sexual orientation and gender identity can affect mental health in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex population in Peru.

Method: Secondary, observational, analytical, and cross-sectional analyses of data from the "First Virtual Survey on the LGBTI population" were conducted with a population ( = 11,345) of LGBTI adults aged 18 years old or more. The variables of mental health and expression of sexual orientation and/or gender identity were measured using a self-reported questionnaire that did not include a validated scale; questions with multiple alternatives that included "yes" and "no" options were used.

Self-Medication Practices, Use of Brand-Name, and Over-the-Counter Medicines by Peruvian Older Adults.

Background: Older adults are a particularly vulnerable group to drug use and self-medication. The aim of the study was to evaluate self-medication as a factor associated with the purchase of brand-name and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs in older adults in Peru.

Methods: A secondary analysis was performed using an analytical cross-sectional design of data from a nationally representative survey from 2014 to 2016.

A bibliometric analysis of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI): global trends in developed and developing countries.

The growing concern about climate change necessitates the development of models for long-term measurements of the sustainability performance. The Global Reporting Initiative suggests a framework for sustainability reporting. This study intends to fill two gaps in the existing literature.

Conceptual evolution of the bioeconomy: a bibliometric analysis.

The growing concern over the change in climatic conditions and the management and conservation of biological resources makes it necessary to create models suitable for the sustainable management of these resources. The bioeconomy suggests a model based on the production of renewable biological resources and the conversion of these resources into value-added products. The main aim of this article is to assess the impact of the bioeconomy on the scholar.

Immigration, perceived discrimination and mental health: evidence from Venezuelan population living in Peru.

Background: The association between international migration and mental health is conditioned to several factors, and discrimination may play a significant role. Currently, Peru is one of the principal Venezuelan migrant-receiving countries in Latin America. There are around one million Venezuelan refugees and migrants in the country.

Gender disparities in scientific production: A nationwide assessment among physicians in Peru.

Objective: To determine the presence of a gender gap in the scientific production among Peruvian physicians and analyze either gap is associated with the presence of observable factors or the presence of prejudices against female physicians.

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Survey of User Satisfaction in Health 2016, a nationally representative survey that collected information about medical professionals working in health institutions in Peru. The outcome of interest was the number of publications in indexed journals.

[Health insurance coverage: the peruvian case since the universal insurance act].

Objective.: To describe the trends in health insurance coverage (HIC) in Peru during the period 2009-2017 and evaluate associations with demographic, social and economic factors.

Materials And Methods.

The gender differences in highly paid wage: a case study of Peruvian physicians.

In recent decades, the number of women pursuing careers in health has significantly increased. However, the physician labor market is still characterized by gender differences regarding payment. Using a nationally representative Peruvian sample of health providers (3,219 male and 1,063 female physicians), we estimated the gender gap in the likelihood of earning high wages for physicians and decomposed this gap in a proportion related to differences in individual characteristics (e.