Are dietary changes over eight years in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort consistent with the EAT-Lancet reference diet?

Background: The transition toward sustainable dietary patterns, such as the planetary diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, is warranted to optimize health and achieve environmental sustainability.

Objectives: To examine the extent to which the evolution of dietary changes over an 8-y period in the French NutriNet-Santé cohort aligned with the EAT-Lancet diet.

Methods: A sample of 17,187 participants of the prospective NutriNet-Santé study was used.

The role of nutrition-related clinical trials in informing dietary recommendations for health and treatment of diseases.

Dietary guidance is based on a robust evidence base that includes high-quality clinical trials, of which some have been designed to establish causal relationships between dietary interventions and ASCVD risk reduction. However, the complexity associated with conducting these trials has resulted in criticism of nutrition and dietary recommendations because the strength and quality of evidence falls short of that for some pharmaceutical interventions. In this paper, we aim to promote greater awareness of the nutrition-related clinical trials that have been conducted showing ASCVD benefits and how this evidence has contributed to dietary recommendations.

Local food procurement behavior and overall diet quality among adults in Québec: results from the NutriQuébec project.

Background: Consumption of locally produced foods is generally perceived as being part of a healthy dietary pattern. Accordingly, in 2020, the provincial government of Québec (Canada) promoted the purchase of local foods for economic and health benefits. The present cross-sectional study aimed to document the association between the behavior of local food procurement and overall diet quality in a sample of adults from the province of Québec.

Visceral adiposity: A major mediator of the relationship between epicardial adiposity and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults.

Background And Aims: Epicardial adiposity has been positively associated with visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Few studies have examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and epicardial adiposity. Furthermore, whether this relationship was independent of VAT remains unexplored.

Advances in methods for characterizing dietary patterns: A scoping review.

There is a growing focus on better understanding the complexity of dietary patterns and how they relate to health and other factors. Approaches that have not traditionally been applied to characterize dietary patterns, such as machine learning algorithms and latent class analysis methods, may offer opportunities to measure and characterize dietary patterns in greater depth than previously considered. However, there has not been a formal examination of how this wide range of approaches has been applied to characterize dietary patterns.

Assessing the relative validity of a web-based self-administered 24-hour dietary recall in a Canadian adolescent's population.

Background: Healthy eating habits at a young age are crucial to support growth and development and good general health. In this context, monitoring youth dietary intakes adequately with valid tools is important to develop efficient interventions and identify groups that are more at risk of inadequate intakes. This study aimed to assess the relative validity of the self-administered web-based 24-h dietary recall (R24W) for evaluating energy and nutrient intakes among active adolescents.

Substitution of dietary monounsaturated fatty acids from olive oil for saturated fatty acids from lard increases low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 fractional catabolic rate in subjects with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The substitution of monounsaturated acids (MUFAs) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs) is recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention but its impact on lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance (IR) remains largely unknown.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substituting MUFAs for SFAs on the in vivo kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing lipoproteins and on the plasma lipidomic profile in adults with IR-induced dyslipidemia.

Methods: Males and females with dyslipidemia associated with IR (n = 18) were recruited for this crossover double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Are the 2019 Canada's Food Guide Recommendations on Healthy Food Choices Consistent with the EAT-Lancet Reference Diet from Sustainable Food Systems?

Background: The diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission, which supports both health and environmental sustainability, provides an opportunity to assess the sustainability of food-based dietary guidelines.

Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the alignment of the 2019 Canada's Food Guide (CFG) with the EAT-Lancet diet. To do so, an index assessing adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was developed and evaluated.

Social desirability, dietary intakes, and variables related to attitudes and behaviours towards eating among French-speaking adults from Quebec, Canada: The PREDISE study.

The primary objective of this study was to examine how social desirability is associated with self-reported measures of dietary intakes and variables related to attitudes and behaviours towards eating. This analysis was conducted in 1083 adults (50.0% women) from the PREDISE study.

Plasma IGFBP-2 levels reveal heterogeneity in hepatic fat content in adults with excess visceral adiposity.

Lay Summary: Obesity is frequently accompanied by a fatty liver. However, some individuals with high abdominal fat levels nevertheless have low levels of liver fat. Reasons for such discordant phenotypes are unclear.

Construct validity and reliability of the Canadian Eating Practices Screener to assess eating practices based on 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations.

For the first time since its introduction, the 2019 Canada's Food Guide (2019-CFG) highlighted specific guidance on eating practices, i.e., recommendations on where, when, why, and how to eat.

Dietary food patterns as determinants of the gut microbiome-endocannabinoidome axis in humans.

The gut microbiota and the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) play important roles in regulating energy homeostasis, and both are closely linked to dietary habits. However, the complex and compositional nature of these variables has limited our understanding of their interrelationship. This study aims to decipher the interrelation between dietary intake and the gut microbiome-eCBome axis using two different approaches for measuring dietary intake: one based on whole food and the other on macronutrient intakes.

Development of the Canadian Eating Practices Screener to assess eating practices based on 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations.

In 2019, Health Canada released a new iteration of Canada's Food Guide (2019-CFG), which, for the first time, highlighted recommendations regarding eating practices, i.e., guidance on where, when, why, and how to eat.

Associations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 with metabolic profile and hepatic fat deposition in asymptomatic men and women.

Low circulating levels of insulin-like growth-factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) have been associated with increased adiposity and metabolic alterations such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals with obesity. However, whether IGFBP-2 affects energy metabolism in the early stages of these disorders remains unclear. Herein, we hypothesized that plasma IGFBP-2 concentrations are inversely associated with early liver fat accumulation and alterations in lipid and glucose homeostasis in apparently healthy and asymptomatic men and women.

The Canadian Food Intake Screener for assessing alignment of adults' dietary intake with the 2019 Canada's Food Guide healthy food choices recommendations: scoring system and construct validity.

The Canadian Food Intake Screener was developed to rapidly assess alignment of dietary intake with the Canada's Food Guide-2019 healthy food choices recommendations. Scoring is aligned with the Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 to the extent possible. Among a sample of adults, reasonable variation in screener scores was noted, mean screener scores differed between some subgroups with known differences in diet quality, and a moderate correlation between screener scores and total Healthy Eating Food Index-2019 scores based on repeat 24 h dietary recalls was observed.

Transitioning to sustainable dietary patterns: learnings from animal-based and plant-based dietary patterns in French Canadian adults.

Introduction: Many dietary guidelines promote the substitution of animal proteins with plant-based proteins for health benefits but also to help transitioning toward more sustainable dietary patterns. The aim of this study was to examine the food and nutrient characteristics as well as the overall quality and costs of dietary patterns consistent with lower intakes of animal-based protein foods and with higher intakes of plant-based protein foods among French Canadian adults.

Methods: Dietary intake data, evaluated with 24 h recalls, from 1,147 French-speaking adults of the PRÉDicteurs Individuels, Sociaux et Environnementaux (PREDISE) study conducted between 2015 and 2017 in Québec were used.

The diet rapidly and differentially affects the gut microbiota and host lipid mediators in a healthy population.

Background: Bioactive lipids produced by human cells or by the gut microbiota might play an important role in health and disease. Dietary intakes are key determinants of the gut microbiota, its production of short-chain (SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), and of the host endocannabinoidome signalling, which are all involved in metabolic diseases. This hypothesis-driven longitudinal fixed sequence nutritional study, realized in healthy participants, was designed to determine if a lead-in diet affects the host response to a short-term dietary intervention.

Comparing the Usability of the Web-Based 24-h Dietary Recall R24W and ASA24-Canada-2018 among French-Speaking Adults from Québec.

Automated, self-administered, Web-based 24-h dietary recall tools are increasingly available for nutrition research in different settings, particularly in epidemiological studies and national surveys because of their practicality and efficiency. However, the usability of different 24-h dietary recall tools must be assessed and compared for use in specific populations as it is a major driver of the response rate and retention of participants. The primary aim of this study was to compare the usability of two validated, self-administered, web-based 24-h dietary recall tools available for the Canadian population: the R24W and the 2018 Canadian version of the ASA24.

Adhering to Canada's Food Guide Recommendations on Healthy Food Choices Increases the Daily Diet Cost: Insights from the PREDISE Study.

The aim of this study was to assess the association between daily diet costs and the Healthy Eating Food Index (HEFI)-2019, an index that reflects the alignment of dietary patterns to recommendations on healthy food choices in the 2019 Canada's Food Guide (CFG). Dietary intake data from 24 h recalls, completed between 2015 and 2017, of 1147 French-speaking participants of the web-based multicenter cross-sectional PRÉDicteurs Individuels, Sociaux et Environnementaux (PREDISE) study in Quebec were used. Diet costs were calculated from dietary recall data using a Quebec-specific 2015-2016 Nielsen food price database.

Greater adherence to the 2019 Canada's Food Guide recommendations on healthy food choices reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease in adults: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank data.

Background: Canada's Food Guide (CFG) was profoundly revised in 2019, but the extent to which adherence to recommendations on healthy food choices reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine how greater adherence to the 2019 CFG's recommendations on healthy food choices influences the risk of incident CVD.

Methods: Participants were a sample of adults without history of CVD, diabetes, or cancer from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study.

Development and Validation of a Short Questionnaire Assessing the Behavior of Local Food Procurement in Quebec, Canada.

Background: Very few validated instruments, particularly screening tools applicable to large-cohort studies, are available to assess the behavior of local food procurement.

Objective: The aim was to develop and validate a short questionnaire that measures local food procurement in a sample of French-speaking adults from Quebec, Canada, and to assess the association between local food-procurement behavior and diet quality.

Methods: A comprehensive questionnaire developed previously to measure local food procurement [Locavore-Index (Locavore-I)] was simplified through a series of steps that included face-validity, exploratory factor analysis, and reliability testing (internal consistency).