Trends in horizontal gene transfer research in antimicrobial resistance: a bibliometric analysis.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) favors the acquisition and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in , making it a major public health concern. We performed a bibliometric analysis to provide the current landscape of HGT in research on AMR and identify emerging trends and potential research directions for the future. Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection and limited to articles and reviews published between 1999 and 2024 in English.

Genomic insights into epidemic plasmids carrying and genes in from Lebanese broiler production.

Background: In a previous nationwide survey in the Lebanese broiler production, multidrug-resistant CTX-M-producing were found to carry the mobile colistin resistance gene .

Objectives: To investigate the mobile genetic supports responsible for the spread of these resistance genes among in healthy broilers in Lebanon.

Methods: Thirty-three and - positive of various sequence types from 17 broilers farms were subjected to conjugation assays.

Persistence of commensal multidrug-resistant in the broiler production pyramid is best explained by strain recirculation from the rearing environment.

Despite the success of mitigation policies in several countries to reduce the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine, pathogenic and commensal bacteria resistant to antibiotics are still circulating in livestock animals. However, factors contributing the most to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) persistence in these settings are yet not clearly identified. The broiler production, with its highly segmented, pyramidal structure offers an ideal context to understand and control the spread of resistant bacteria.

Major primary bile salts repress serovar Typhimurium invasiveness partly via the efflux regulatory locus .

Bile represses serovar Typhimurium (. Typhimurium) intestinal cell invasion, but it remains unclear which bile components and mechanisms are implicated. Previous studies reported that bile inhibits the RamR binding to the promoter, resulting in increased transcription, and that overexpression is associated to decreased expression of type III secretion system 1 (TTSS-1) invasion genes and to impaired intestinal cell invasiveness in .

Conjugative IncC Plasmid Entry Triggers the SOS Response and Promotes Effective Transfer of the Integrative Antibiotic Resistance Element SGI1.

The broad-host-range IncC plasmid family and the integrative mobilizable genomic island 1 (SGI1) and its derivatives enable the spread of medically important antibiotic resistance genes among Gram-negative pathogens. Although several aspects of the complex functional interactions between IncC plasmids and SGI1 have been recently deciphered regarding their conjugative transfer and incompatibility, the biological signal resulting in the hijacking of the conjugative plasmid by the integrative mobilizable element remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the conjugative entry of IncC/IncA plasmids is detected at an early stage by SGI1 through the transient activation of the SOS response, which induces the expression of the SGI1 master activators SgaDC, shown to play a crucial role in the complex biology between SGI1 and IncC plasmids.

Occurrence of the Colistin Resistance Gene and Additional Antibiotic Resistance Genes in ESBL/AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli from Poultry in Lebanon: A Nationwide Survey.

The objective of the present study was to determine genomic characteristics of expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Escherichia coli spreading in healthy broilers in Lebanon in 2018. Rectal swabs ( = 280) from 56 farms were screened for the presence of ESC-resistant E. coli isolates.

Spread of multidrug-resistant IncHI1 plasmids carrying ESBL gene bla and metabolism operon of prebiotic oligosaccharides in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses, France.

The objective of the study was to identify the genetic determinants and characteristics of expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from healthy horses in France in 2015. Faecal samples from 744 adult horses were screened for ESC-resistant E. coli isolates.

Specialization of small non-conjugative plasmids in according to their family types.

We undertook a comprehensive comparative analysis of a collection of 30 small (<25 kb) non-conjugative plasmids previously classified by the gene sharing approach into 10 families, as well as plasmids found in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide database sharing similar genomic sequences. In total, 302 mobilizable (belonging to 2 MOB and 5 MOB families) and 106 non-transferable/relaxase-negative (belonging to three ReL families) plasmids were explored. The most striking feature was the specialization of the plasmid family types that was not related to their transmission mode and replication system.

Fitness Restoration of a Genetically Tractable Enterococcus faecalis V583 Derivative To Study Decoration-Related Phenotypes of the Enterococcal Polysaccharide Antigen.

Commensal and generally harmless in healthy individuals, causes opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. Plasmid-cured strain VE14089, derived from sequenced reference strain V583, is widely used for functional studies due to its improved genetic amenability. Although strain VE14089 has no major DNA rearrangements, with the exception of an ∼20-kb integrated region of pTEF1 plasmid, the strain presented significant growth differences from the V583 reference strain of our collection (renamed VE14002).

Global phylogenomics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198.

Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky can be a common causative agent of salmonellosis, usually associated with consumption of contaminated poultry. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to multiple drugs, including ciprofloxacin, is an emerging problem within this serotype. We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the phylogenetic structure and AMR content of 121 S.

Identification and Characterization of and Two Mobilization Genes Required for Conjugative Transfer of Genomic Island 1.

The integrative mobilizable elements of SGI1-family considerably contribute to the spread of resistance to critically important antibiotics among enteric bacteria. Even though many aspects of SGI1 mobilization by IncA and IncC plasmids have been explored, the basic transfer elements such as and self-encoded mobilization proteins remain undiscovered. Here we describe the mobilization region of SGI1 that is well conserved throughout the family and carries the and two genes, and (originally annotated as S020 and S019, respectively) that are essential for the conjugative transfer of SGI1.

Crystal structure of the multidrug resistance regulator RamR complexed with bile acids.

During infection, Salmonella senses and responds to harsh environments within the host. Persistence in a bile-rich environment is important for Salmonella to infect the small intestine or gallbladder and the multidrug efflux system AcrAB-TolC is required for bile resistance. The genes encoding this system are mainly regulated by the ramRA locus, which is composed of the divergently transcribed ramA and ramR genes.

Prevalence, risk factors, and characterization of multidrug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase/AmpC β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in healthy horses in France in 2015.

Background: Although antimicrobial resistance is increasingly common in equine medicine, molecular and epidemiological data remains scarce.

Objectives: We estimated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, shedding of multidrug resistant (MDR), extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, and AmpC β-lactamase-producing, or some combination of these in Escherichia coli in horses in France. We characterized ESBL/AmpC isolates for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of virulence and ESBL/AmpC-associated resistance genes.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-encoding genes are spreading on a wide range of Escherichia coli plasmids existing prior to the use of third-generation cephalosporins.

To understand the evolutionary dynamics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes in Escherichia coli, we undertook a comparative genomic analysis of 116 whole plasmid sequences of human or animal origin isolated over a period spanning before and after the use of third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) using a gene-sharing network approach. The plasmids included 82 conjugative, 22 mobilizable and 9 non-transferable plasmids and 3 P-like bacteriophages. ESBL-encoding genes were found on 64 conjugative, 6 mobilizable, 2 non-transferable plasmids and 2 P1-like bacteriophages, indicating that these last three types of mobile elements also play a role, albeit modest, in the diffusion of the ESBLs.

Multidrug Resistance Genomic Island 1 in a subsp. Human Clinical Isolate from France.

genomic island 1 (SGI1) is a multidrug resistance integrative mobilizable element that harbors a great diversity of antimicrobial resistance gene clusters described in numerous serovars and also in . A serious threat to public health was revealed in the recent description in of a SGI1-derivative multidrug resistance island named PGI1 ( genomic island 1) carrying extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamase resistance genes, and , respectively. Here, we report the first description of genomic island 1 (SGI1) in a multidrug-resistant clinical subsp.

Detection of SGI1/PGI1 Elements and Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in of Animal Origin in France.

, and especially , are often the cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in humans. They were reported as carriers of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, and recently of carbapenemases, mostly carried by the genomic island 1 (SGI1) and genomic island 1 (PGI1). have also lately become an increasing cause of UTIs in companion animals, but antimicrobial susceptibility data in animals are still scarce.

A toxin antitoxin system promotes the maintenance of the IncA/C-mobilizable Salmonella Genomic Island 1.

The multidrug resistance Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) is an integrative mobilizable element identified in several enterobacterial pathogens. This chromosomal island requires a conjugative IncA/C plasmid to be excised as a circular extrachromosomal form and conjugally mobilized in trans. Preliminary observations suggest stable maintenance of SGI1 in the host chromosome but paradoxically also incompatibility between SGI1 and IncA/C plasmids.

Dominant plasmids carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamases bla genes in genetically diverse Escherichia coli from slaughterhouse and urban wastewaters.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) receiving effluents from food-producing animals and humans may contribute to the spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-carrying plasmids. This study was designed to investigate extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli strains, CTX-M distributions and the genetic lineage of bla -carrying plasmids from urban and slaughterhouse wastewaters. The level of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E.

Survey of multidrug resistance integrative mobilizable elements SGI1 and PGI1 in Proteus mirabilis in humans and dogs in France, 2010-13.

Objectives: To characterize MDR genomic islands related to Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) and Proteus genomic island 1 (PGI1) in Proteus mirabilis from human and animal sources in France in light of the previously reported cases.

Methods: A total of 52 and 46 P. mirabilis clinical strains from human and animal sources, respectively, were studied for the period 2010-13.

The global establishment of a highly-fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 strain.

While the spread of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky resistant to ciprofloxacin across Africa and the Middle-East has been described recently, the presence of this strain in humans, food, various animal species (livestock, pets, and wildlife) and in environment is suspected in other countries of different continents. Here, we report results of an in-depth molecular epidemiological study on a global human and non-human collection of S. Kentucky (n = 70).