Enhanced diffusion of tracer particles in nonreciprocal mixtures.

We study the diffusivity of a tagged particle in a binary mixture of Brownian particles with nonreciprocal interactions. Numerical simulations reveal that, for a broad class of interaction potentials, nonreciprocity can significantly increase the long-time diffusion coefficient of tracer particles and that this diffusion enhancement is associated with a breakdown of the Einstein relation. These observations are quantified and confirmed via two different and complementary analytical approaches: (i) a linearized stochastic density field theory, which is particularly accurate in the limit of soft interactions, and (ii) a reduced two-body description, which is exact at leading order in the density of particles.

Thromboelastographic study of the snakebite-related coagulopathy in Djibouti.

: Hemostasis disorders are one of the major clinical conditions of snakebites and are because of mechanisms which may disrupt vessels, platelets, clotting factors and fibrinolysis. Thromboelastography (TEG) could help to understand these effects in the clinical practice. A retrospective study reports a series of patients presenting a snakebite-related coagulopathy, treated with antivenom and monitored with conventional tests and TEG in a French military treatment facility (Republic of Djibouti, East Africa) between August 2011 and September 2013.

Contribution of brain CT in the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: a case report from Djibouti.

Tuberculous meningitis, a serious disease with high mortality and morbidity, remains frequent in countries with endemic tuberculosis. Its non-specific presentation often delays the introduction of appropriate treatment. Its definitive diagnosis requires isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from cerebrospinal fluid, although this test may be negative without conclusively ruling out this diagnosis.

Local-regional anesthesia in the management of stingray stings: Experience of the Bouffard medical-surgical hospital in Djibouti.

Stingray injuries are very painful. Systemic analgesics are ineffective, and the use of local-regional anesthesia has been reported. This retrospective descriptive study reviewed all cases of stingray injuries seen at the emergency department of the Bouffard Hospital (Djbouti, Africa) between 2011 and 2014.

Clinical Survey of Dengue Virus Circulation in the Republic of Djibouti between 2011 and 2014 Identifies Serotype 3 Epidemic and Recommends Clinical Diagnosis Guidelines for Resource Limited Settings.

Dengue virus is endemic globally, throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions. While the number of epidemics due to the four DENV serotypes is pronounced in East Africa, the total number of cases reported in Africa (16 million infections) remained at low levels compared to Asia (70 million infections). The French Armed forces Health Service provides epidemiological surveillance support in the Republic of Djibouti through the Bouffard Military hospital.

[Aeromedical evacuation of critically ill patients in developing countries A retrospective study on 244 patients in Djibouti].

Introduction: The pratice of intensive care in Africa is marked by a wide variety of health care delivery. Only a few centers offer specialized intensive care units, as cardiac or neurological units. That may explain the need for aeromedical evacuations for patients whose condition exceeds local capacity.

Hemostasis dynamics during coagulopathy resulting from Echis envenomation.

This work provides a graphic description of the time course of hemostasis tests results during spontaneous evolution of Echis envenoming and correction of hemostasis disorders with antivenom therapy. The dynamics of fibrinogenemia (g L(-1)), prothrombin time (PT, %), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT, patient/normal ratio) and platelet count (Giga L(-1)) were collected from coagulopathic envenomed patients of a 12 years prospective study in Africa. Sixty patients were included.

Antivenin remains effective against African Viperidae bites despite a delayed treatment.

Background: Viperidae bites represent a public health issue in Africa and are responsible for a hemorrhagic syndrome with fatal outcome in the short term. A research on Medline database does not reveal any data definitively demonstrating the efficiency of antivenom in case of delayed administration. The aim of this study, based on a 12-year survey of viperine syndromes in Republic of Djibouti, was to compare the normalization of the hemostasis disorders with an early administration of antivenin versus a delayed administration.

Clinical and therapeutic aspects of childhood kerosene poisoning in Djibouti.

We report a prospective and descriptive study about childhood acute poisoning with kerosene in Djibouti. Acute poisoning is a common and stable occurrence in low socioeconomic groups in Africa, where negligence is the main cause of poisoning. The respiratory system was the main target, with 41% of patients having pneumonia, which may become life-threatening, but with low mortality rate.

[Acute liver failure and severe exertional heat stroke: uneasy management in Africa].

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a medical emergency defined as tissue injury secondary to a prolonged period of extreme hyperthemia during strenuous physical activity. In the vast majority of cases, EHS is associated with minimal liver involvement with no clinical manifestations. However acute hepatic insufficiency has been reported including a few cases treated by liver transplantation but with poor results suggesting that conservative management is preferable.

[Morbidity and mortality after intensive care management of hemorrhagic stroke in Djibouti].

Prospective data on management and outcome of stroke in Africa is scarce. The purpose of this prospective descriptive study is to present epidemiologic, clinical and outcome data for a series of patients with hemorrhagic stroke in Djibouti. All patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the Bouffard Medical-Surgical Center in Djibouti for cerebral hemorrhage documented by CT-scan of the brain were recruited in this study.

[Management of transdermal therapeutics in perioperative care].

Objective: To provide guidance on perioperative management of most frequently encountered transdermal therapeutics in anaesthesiology: nicotine, fentanyl, nitroglycerin, scopolamine and estradiol.

Data Sources: A review of the last decade literature was carried out on the Pubmed database using the following keywords (transcutaneous or percutaneous or transdermal or transdermic or skin or dermal) and (drug delivery systems or therapeutic systems or drug administration) grouped under the Mesh terms cutaneous administration, perioperative care, surgery, pharmacokinetics, nicotine, fentanyl, nitroglycerin, scopolamine, estradiol.

Study Selection: Original articles, general articles reviews, guidelines, letters to the editor and case reports have been selected.

The use of boluses of propofol for the management of severe tetanus in a child.

Tetanus is endemic in many developing countries. Although propofol has been proposed for sedation in tetanus, the routine use of this drug has not been clearly documented in published reports. A few studies have reported its beneficial effects but no randomized studies are available.

[Celiac disease: special features in Africa. Description of 8 cases in Djibouti (horn of Africa)].

Celiac disease is poorly documented in intertropical Africa. The purpose of this retrospective report was to describe 8 cases observed at the Groupement Medico-Chirurgical of Bouffard Hospital in Djibouti (Horn of Africa) between January 2003 and January 2006. There were 5 females and 3 males ranging in age from 9 months to 17 years old (mean age: 48 months).

Echocardiographic Doppler assessment of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in surgical patients with postoperative circulatory shock and acute lung injury.

Background: In cardiac patients, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) is estimated using color M-mode Doppler study of left ventricular filling and Doppler tissue imaging. The goal of this study was to assess whether echocardiography accurately estimates PCWP in critically ill patients.

Methods: Sixty ventilated patients admitted for septic shock and acute lung injury were prospectively studied using simultaneously transesophageal echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheterization.

Rapid identification of atypical variant of plasma butyrylcholinesterase by PCR.

Human butyrylcholinesterase is the enzyme responsible of mivacurium and succinylcholine metabolism, which may be significantly impaired when mutation Asp70Gly is found in patients. We describe a simple PCR method for the detection of this variant. Thirteen out of sixteen patients tested after prolonged apnea were positive for the presence of this mutation (50.