The Recent Increase in Invasive Bacterial Infections: A Report From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.

Background: When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation efforts waned, viral respiratory infections (VRIs) surged, potentially increasing the risk of postviral invasive bacterial infections (IBIs). We sought to evaluate the change in epidemiology and relationships between specific VRIs and IBIs [complicated pneumonia, complicated sinusitis and invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS)] over time using the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) dataset.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of all prospectively collected pediatric (<19 years old) and adult encounters at 58 N3C institutions, stratified by era: pre-pandemic (January 1, 2018, to February 28, 2020) versus pandemic (March 1, 2020, to June 1, 2023).

Root RADAR: how 'rhizocrine' signals allow roots to detect and respond to their soil environment and stresses.

Agricultural intensification coupled with changing climate are causing soils to become increasingly vulnerable to stresses such as drought, soil erosion, and compaction. The mechanisms by which roots detect and respond to soil stresses remain poorly understood. Recent breakthroughs show that roots release volatile and soluble hormone signals into the surrounding soil, then monitor their levels to sense soil stresses.

Children Requiring 3 or More Days of Invasive Ventilation: Secondary Analysis of Post-Discharge Change in Caregiver Employment.

Objectives: To describe frequency of, and risk factors, for change in caregiver employment among critically ill children with acute respiratory failure.

Design: Preplanned secondary analysis of prospective cohort dataset, 2018-2021.

Setting: Quaternary Children's Hospital PICU.

(RPhP)[Mn(dca)]: A Family of Glass-Forming Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials.

ABX-type hybrid organic-inorganic structures have recently emerged as a new class of meltable materials. Here, by the use of phenylphosphonium derivatives as A cation, we study liquid- and glass-forming behavior of a new family of hybrid structures, (RPhP)[Mn(dca)] (R = Me, Et, Ph; dca = dicyanamide). These new compounds melt at 196-237 °C () and then vitrify upon cooling to room temperature, forming glasses.

Physical Activity Monitoring in Children in the 1-Year After 3 or More Days of Invasive Ventilation: Feasibility of Using Accelerometers.

Objectives: To measure physical activity in a cohort of children who survived greater than or equal to 3 days of invasive ventilation.

Design: Prospective cohort study (2018-2021).

Setting: Quaternary children's hospital PICU.

Longitudinal associations between autistic children's anxiety and social communication differences: The moderating role of executive function behaviours.

Anxiety is a mental health concern affecting many autistic children, and has been linked to greater differences in social communication and interaction style. Executive functioning (i.e.

The Road to Access: Addressing Transportation Challenges in Rural Primary Care.

Central Appalachia's coal fields are the site of health disparities influenced by social determinants of health including poverty and isolation, compounded by transportation barriers to health care. In this study, we conducted two surveys among patients at a rural federally qualified health center (FQHC) to evaluate the health and financial ramifications of transportation barriers to primary care. Our findings indicate that patients facing transportation barriers rely disproportionately on emergency department services or hospitalization.

Melt Alloying of Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites: Composition-Dependence of Thermal and Optical Properties.

Melt alloying, the process of melting a physical powder blend to create a homogeneous alloy, is widely used in materials processing. By carefully selecting the materials and their proportions, the physical properties of the resulting alloy can be precisely controlled. In this study, we investigate the possibility of utilizing melt alloying principles for meltable two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (2D-HOIPs).

Targeted Child Mental Health Prevention and Parenting Support Within a Canadian Context: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the U.S.-Developed Family Check-Up®.

Canada lacks an approach to early childhood mental health prevention aimed at decreasing barriers to care among highest-needs families. In this Canadian randomized controlled trial, we aimed to evaluate whether participation in the Family Check-Up® (FCU®) would be associated with lower severity of child behavior problems (primary outcome) and caregiver psychological distress and daily parenting stress (secondary outcomes). Eligible caregivers of children aged 2-4 years with (i) high severity of behavior problems and/or (ii) above-average severity plus ≥ 1 family psychosocial risk factor were recruited from early education, community, and clinical settings in Hamilton, Ontario.

Characterizing X-Ray and Solution State Conformations for a Model Qubit System: {CrNi} Ring Rotaxanes on a Mixed Metal Triangle.

The synthesis of a series of [4]rotaxanes, each consisting of three [2]rotaxanes joined via a central {CrNi} triangular linker, is reported. The resultant four [4]rotaxanes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Orientation-selective 4-pulse double electron-electron resonance (DEER) measurements between the three {CrNi} rings incorporated in each [4]rotaxane reveal that each system is conformationally fluxional in solution, with the most abundant conformations found to differ significantly from the crystal structure geometry for each compound.

Early-Onset Trajectories of Emotional Dysregulation in Autistic Children.

Objective: Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a common and debilitating problem for autistic children and their families. However, little is known about early-onset patterns of dysregulation, associated risk factors, and child and family outcomes. This study aimed to characterize trajectories of ED in an inception cohort of autistic preschoolers.

The Interplay of Strongly and Weakly Exchange-Coupled Triplet Pairs in Intramolecular Singlet Fission.

Singlet fission (SF) and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) nominally enable the interconversion of higher-energy singlet states with two lower-energy triplet states and vice versa, with both processes having envisaged application for enhanced solar power devices. The mechanism of SF/TTA-UC involves a complex array of different multiexcitonic triplet-pair states that are coupled by the exchange interaction to varying extents. In this work a family of bounded intramolecular SF materials, based upon the chromophore 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene, were designed and synthesized.

Imaging and Segmenting Grains and Subgrains Using Backscattered Electron Techniques.

We present two new methods of processing data from backscattered electron signals in a scanning electron microscope to image grains and subgrains. The first combines data from multiple backscattered electron images acquired at different specimen geometries to (1) better reveal grain boundaries in recrystallized microstructures and (2) distinguish between recrystallized and unrecrystallized regions in partially recrystallized microstructures. The second utilizes spherical harmonic transform indexing of electron backscatter diffraction patterns to produce high angular resolution orientation data that enable the characterization of subgrains.

A Machine Learning Method for Allocating Scarce COVID-19 Monoclonal Antibodies.

Importance: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the effective distribution of limited treatments became a crucial policy goal. Yet, limited research exists using electronic health record data and machine learning techniques, such as policy learning trees (PLTs), to optimize the distribution of scarce therapeutics.

Objective: To evaluate whether a machine learning PLT-based method of scarce resource allocation optimizes the treatment benefit of COVID-19 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) during periods of resource constraint.

The CATCH My Breath Vaping Prevention Curriculum: An Evaluation of Impacts in Central Appalachian Middle and High Schools, 2019-2023.

Introduction/objectives: Since 2015, the rise in e-cigarette use among youth has concerned public health authorities. After peaking in 2019, usage rates have declined but remain high. In 2023, 10% of high school and 4.

Sensing the structural and conformational properties of single-stranded nucleic acids using electrometry and molecular simulations.

Inferring the 3D structure and conformation of disordered biomolecules, e.g., single stranded nucleic acids (ssNAs), remains challenging due to their conformational heterogeneity in solution.

Digital solutions in paediatric sepsis: current state, challenges, and opportunities to improve care around the world.

The digitisation of health care is offering the promise of transforming the management of paediatric sepsis, which is a major source of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Digital technology is already making an impact in paediatric sepsis, but is almost exclusively benefiting patients in high-resource health-care settings. However, digital tools can be highly scalable and cost-effective, and-with the right planning-have the potential to reduce global health disparities.

At the crossroads: strigolactones mediate changes in cytokinin synthesis and signalling in response to nitrogen limitation.

Strigolactones (SLs) are key regulators of shoot growth and responses to environmental stimuli. Numerous studies have indicated that nitrogen (N) limitation induces SL biosynthesis, suggesting that SLs may play a pivotal role in coordinating systemic responses to N availability, but this idea has not been clearly demonstrated. Here, we generated triple knockout mutants in the SL synthesis gene TaDWARF17 (TaD17) in bread wheat and investigated their phenotypic and transcriptional responses under N limitation, aiming to elucidate the role of SLs in the adaptation to N limitation.