Magnetic field in the extreme low frequency band protects neuronal and microglia cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation.

Ischemic stroke consists of rapid neural death as a consequence of brain vessel obstruction, followed by damage to the neighboring tissue known as ischemic penumbra. The cerebral tissue in the core of the lesions becomes irreversibly damaged, however, the ischemic penumbra is potentially recoverable during the initial phases after the stroke. Therefore, there is real need for emerging therapeutic strategies to reduce ischemic damage and its spread to the penumbral region.

In vivo application of poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate as peripheral nerve graft.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the degree of biocompatibility and neuroregeneration of a polymer tube, poly-3-hydroxyoctanoate (PHO) in nerve gap repair.

Methods: Forty Wistar Albino male rats were randomized into two groups: autologous nerve gap repair group and PHO tube repair group. In each group, a 10-mm right sciatic nerve defect was created and reconstructed accordingly.

Does ventricular opening promote remote cerebellar haemorrhage?

Cerebellar haemorrhage after supratentorial craniotomy is a rare complication Because of its significant morbidity and mortality rates, being aware of this complication is important for early diagnosis. In a 30-year-old male with multiple intracranial cavernomas, remote cerebellar haemorrhage (RCH) was observed after removal of symptomatic left temporal lesion. The lateral wall of the temporal horn that was tightly attached to the cavernoma was also opened and excessive drainage of the CSF occurred.

Bilateral Temporal Bone Xanthomas in Type II Hypercholesterolemia.

We present a very rare case of intracranial xanthoma with bilateral temporal bone involvement. The lesion caused destruction and remodelling in mastoid air cells. On the right side, cerebellar compression was obvious.

Intracranial and extracranial malformations in patients with craniofacial anomalies.

Background: Craniofacial structures have an intimate relationship with the central nervous system in the embryologic development period and the developmental abnormalities of the face and skull that are frequently associated with malformations of the central nervous system. Additional intracranial and extracranial malformations in a patient with craniofacial deformity may negatively affect the outcome of the surgery and the quality of life.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis of a total of 123 patients with craniofacial anomalies was performed.

Mandibular reconstruction in Goldenhar syndrome using temporalis muscle osteofascial flap.

Goldenhar syndrome is a well-known developmental anomaly of the maxillofacial skeleton and hemifacial soft tissue. Maxillofacial anomalies of that syndrome can be managed by a variety of means such as inlay- or onlay-applied nonvascularized bone grafts, vascularized osteocutaneous/osseous flaps, or distraction osteogenesis. Vascularized full-thickness calvarial bone grafting is an important option for mandibular reconstruction for cases in which, for one reason or another, other techniques are not available, not applicable, or have failed.

Effect of short-term finasteride therapy on peroperative bleeding in patients who were candidates for transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P): a randomized controlled study.

In the present study we aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of short-term pretreatment with finasteride in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). For this purpose 40 patients with BPH, who were candidates for TUR-P, were randomized into two groups. The first group (n=20) received 5 mg finasteride/day for 4 weeks prior to surgery and the second group (n=20) remained as the control.

Blood loss and transfusion rates during repair of craniofacial deformities.

Surgical procedures for correction of craniofacial deformities resulted in unavoidable and extensive blood loss in small children and infants. Almost all of the patients undergoing these procedures will undergo a blood transfusion either during or immediately after the operation. A retrospective review of 30 patients who underwent craniofacial surgery was performed in this study to determine the magnitude of transfusion required for craniofacial surgery, document transfusion morbidity, and identify variables associated with the transfusion.

Solvent-dehydrated calvarial allografts in craniofacial surgery.

Craniofacial surgery almost always requires the use of bone grafting. Although autografts are the standard procedure for bone grafting, it is sometimes not possible to harvest bone, and autografts have particular risks. The use of allograft bone provides a reasonable alternative to meet the need for graft material.

Experimental trigeminal glycerol injection in dogs: histopathological evaluation by light and electron microscopy.

We investigated the effects of percutaneous gasserian glycerol injection in dogs and reviewed the histopathological changes. Experiments were performed in 16 adult healthy mongrel dogs. In group 1 (8 dogs) normal saline and in group 2 (8 dogs) pure glycerol was injected in the right trigeminal ganglion.

Migration of pacemaker lead into the spinal venous plexus: case report with special reference to Batson's theory of spinal metastasis.

Objective And Importance: Migration of a foreign material via venous routes into the spinal canal is a very rare incidence. We report the second case in which a foreign body has migrated into the spinal canal via the venous route.

Clinical Presentation: This 35-years-old man presented with sudden onset of severe low back pain and pain in the right leg four months after an unsuccessful attempt to remove a disconnected cardiac pacemaker lead via the femoral vein.

Neurocutaneous melanosis associated with Dandy-Walker malformation. case report and review of the literature.

Neurocutaneous melanosis is a rare dysmorphogenesis associated with single or multiple giant pigmented cutaneous nevi and diffuse involvement of the leptomeninges anywhere in the central nervous system (CNS). It is interesting that almost 8-10% of patients had associated Dandy-Walker malformation in the literature, suggesting a common origin of the developmental abnormalities. In this article, we present a 2-year-old patient with neurocutaneous melanosis associated with Dandy-Walker malformation.

Intrasphenoidal migration of a premaxillary Kirschner wire.

Objective: The use of Kirschner wire for the fixation of premaxilla is a well-known method in bilateral cleft lip surgery. We report a case in which the Kirschner wire of the premaxillary fixation had migrated intrasphenoidally.

Results And Conclusions: The foreign body was accidentally discovered during a cephalometric analysis and was taken out surgically through an upper lip sulcus incision.

Secondary multiple intracranial hydatid cysts caused by intracerebral embolism of cardiac echinococcosis: an exceptional case of hydatidosis. Case report.

The authors present an extremely rare case of secondary multiple cerebral echinococcosis caused by presumed intracerebral and arterial embolism of cardiac hydatidosis in a 7-year-old girl. The first manifestations were symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. Unfortunately, before the primary ruptured echinococcosis cyst was detected in the myocardium of the left ventricle, the patient underwent nine operations over an 8-year period for hydatid embolism affecting the brain and the femoral artery and was treated with concurrent mebendazole therapy.

Microsurgical removal of a free segment of microcatheter in the anterior circulation as a complication of embolization.

Endovascular therapy for cerebral arteriovenous malformations, although generally accepted to be a safe procedure, is not without risks. We present a patient with a 20 cm free segment of a catheter in the anterior circulation as a complication of embolization. This is a very rare complication.

Factors affecting morbidity and mortality following surgical intervention in patients with intracranial meningioma.

Background: Meningiomas usually grow slowly but they may cause recurrences despite surgical resection. The impact of clinical, neuroradiological and surgical characteristics on operative morbidity and mortality of patients operated on for intracranial meningioma was analysed.

Methods: A series of 450 patients operated on for intracranial meningiomas at the Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University Hospital during the period 1964-1992 is reported.

Twenty-five years experience in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. Comparison of three different operative procedures in forty-nine patients.

A series of 49 patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) were treated by three different surgical procedures: (1) peripheral ablative procedures in 10 patients; (2) percutaneous rhizotomy in 17 patients and (3) intracranial rhizotomy (IR) in 22 patients. On the basis of surgical treatment, the concept that neurovascular compression is a mechanical factor in the aetiology of TN was supported in 14 to 18 patients who underwent posterior fossa exploration. The results support the conclusion that retromastoid craniectomy with IR is the procedure of choice for the majority of patients with TN.

Impairment of motor coordination in mice after ingestion of aluminum chloride.

The mechanisms of aluminum (Al) neurotoxicity is of increasing interest. Al compounds are known to produce neurological and behavioral abnormalities in some mammalian species. The present study was designed to determine the effects of Al chloride on the skilled motor performance in mice on the rota-rod treadmill.

Solitary dural plasmacytoma: case report.

Solitary intracranial plasmacytomas are exceedingly rare. Before this case report, only 14 cases of solitary dural and 4 cases of intracerebral plasmacytomas had been reported in the literature. We present a case of solitary plasmacytoma originating from the right frontal dura mater in a 52-year-old man; we also review the literature on the previous cases.

Congenital nasal encephalocele: a review of 35 cases.

Congenital encephaloceles are rare lesions which are usually seen in the occipital region, in the West. They may rarely be seen in the frontal region and they have distinct diagnostic features, together with several other pathological conditions occurring in this region. In order to emphasize these points, a retrospective analysis of 35 cases which have been operated on in our clinic, is made in this study.

Determination of aluminum levels in the kidney, liver, and brain of mice treated with aluminum hydroxide.

In the present study, aluminum (Al) accumulation has been examined after aluminum loading in mice. The kidney, liver, and brain aluminum levels for mice that had been treated orally with aluminum hydroxide for 105 d and for the control group were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) following an acid digestion. Matrix modifier consisted of 2% Triton X-100 and 2% Mg (NO3)2.

Primary spinal extradural hydatid disease: report of a case with magnetic resonance characteristics and pathological correlation.

A rare case of hydatid disease of the lumbar extradural area and of the paravertebral muscles is reported. The patient underwent surgery, resulting in complete recovery. The limitations of computed tomography and the benefits of magnetic resonance imaging in forming a diagnosis are discussed.

Efficacy of ampicillin/sulbactam combination in experimental shunt infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. A light and scanning electron microscope study.

In this study, the efficacy of ampicillin/sulbactam combination in reactions of periventricular tissue of the lateral ventricle induced by the presence of infected (Staphylococcus epidermidis) silicone rubber shunt tubing was examined by using light and scanning electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that reactive changes to implants had occurred in periventricular tissue in the control group. In infected shunt tubing without given prophylactic antibiotic group, generalized meningitis and ventriculitis, loss of integrity of ependymal cells, numerous inflammatory cells, bacterial colonies, exuda and even pus were seen.