How does biochar influence soil nitrification and nitrification-induced NO emissions?

Nitrification is a major pathway of NO production, especially in aerobic soils. The amendment of soils with biochar has been suggested as a promising solution to regulate soil N cycle and reduce NO emissions. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and quantitative understanding of biochar impacts on soil nitrification and nitrification-induced NO emissions.

MiR-101 promotes pain hypersensitivity in rats with chronic constriction injury via the MKP-1 mediated MAPK pathway.

This study was performed to characterize the effect of microRNA-101 (miR-101) on the pain hypersensitivity in CCI rat models with the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) in spinal cord microglial cells. The mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) in the developed CCI models were determined to assess the hypersensitivity of rats to mechanical stimulation and thermal pain. To assess inflammation, the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the spinal dorsal horns of CCI rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial cells were examined.

A fast chemical oxidation method for predicting the long-term mineralization of biochar in soils.

Biochar stability determines the effectiveness of biochar's functions such as carbon sequestration, soil structure improvement, soil fertility enhancement and soil pollution remediation. However, a fast method for accurately predicting biochar long-term stability in soil remains elusive. Here, firstly, an incubation experiment was conducted on mineralization dynamics of different C-labelled biochars over 368 days to explore their actual mineralization in soils and establish their mineralization model.

MicroRNA-153-3p increases autophagy in sevoflurane-preconditioned mice to protect against ischaemic/reperfusion injury after knee arthroplasty.

The use of tourniquet during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can result in ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Of interest, microRNAs (miRs) are reported to be involved in various kinds of IRI due to their ability in modulating autophagy. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-153-3p on autophagy in IRI in vitro and in vivo under sevoflurane preconditioning.

Down-regulation of microRNA-34c-5p alleviates neuropathic pain via the SIRT1/STAT3 signaling pathway in rat models of chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve.

Neuropathic pain is an unfavorable pathological pain, often persistent over time, thus leading to significant impairment of quality of life and public health burden. Notably, microRNAs have been implicated in the pathophysiological process of neuropathic pain. The potential mechanism by which miR-34c-5p functions in neuropathic pain remains unclear.

Description of subsp. subsp. nov. isolated from paddy soil and establishment of subsp. subsp. nov.

Three aerobic, asymbiotic, N-fixing bacterial strains, designated P205, P204 and P207, were isolated from a paddy soil in Yanting County, China. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, the three strains were closely related to IAM 12666 (=ATCC 9043) (99.00-99.

Biochar application as a tool to decrease soil nitrogen losses (NH volatilization, N O emissions, and N leaching) from croplands: Options and mitigation strength in a global perspective.

Biochar application to croplands has been proposed as a potential strategy to decrease losses of soil-reactive nitrogen (N) to the air and water. However, the extent and spatial variability of biochar function at the global level are still unclear. Using Random Forest regression modelling of machine learning based on data compiled from the literature, we mapped the impacts of different biochar types (derived from wood, straw, or manure), and their interactions with biochar application rates, soil properties, and environmental factors, on soil N losses (NH volatilization, N O emissions, and N leaching) and crop productivity.

Impacts of Mo application on biological nitrogen fixation and diazotrophic communities in a flooded rice-soil system.

Molybdenum (Mo) deficiency in the farmland of China may limit biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), however, the impact of Mo application on BNF capacities and diazotrophic communities in rice-soil systems is unclear. In this experiment, treatments in a 6.7 atom% N-labelling field-based growth chamber for 74 days and treatments in a 99 atom% N-labelling microcosm experiment for 40 days combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing and DNA-stable isotope probing (SIP) were used to investigate the impacts of Mo application on BNF and diazotrophic communities.